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  1. Low-level vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and hetero-VISA [hVISA]) emerges during persistent infection and failed vancomycin therapy. Up-regulation of gene...

    Authors: Benjamin P Howden, Danielle J Smith, Ashley Mansell, Paul DR Johnson, Peter B Ward, Timothy P Stinear and John K Davies

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:39

    Content type: Research article

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  2. mce3 is one of the four virulence-related mce operons of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a previous work we showed that the overexpression of Mce3R in Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis abolishes the expr...

    Authors: María P Santangelo, Federico C Blanco, María V Bianco, Laura I Klepp, Osvaldo Zabal, Angel A Cataldi and Fabiana Bigi

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:38

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Many E. coli genes show pH-dependent expression during logarithmic growth in acid (pH 5–6) or in base (pH 8–9). The effect of rapid pH change, however, has rarely been tested. Rapid acid treatment could distingui...

    Authors: Geetha Kannan, Jessica C Wilks, Devon M Fitzgerald, Brian D Jones, Sandra S BonDurant and Joan L Slonczewski

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:37

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Despite nearly complete vaccine coverage, a small number of fully vaccinated children in the Netherlands have experienced invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib). This increase started ...

    Authors: Leo Schouls, Han van der Heide, Sandra Witteveen, Bert Zomer, Arie van der Ende, Marina Burger and Corrie Schot

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:35

    Content type: Research article

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  6. During the last few years, PCR-based methods have been developed to simplify and reduce the time required for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by standard approaches based on IS6110-Restriction Fragmen...

    Authors: Noelia Alonso-Rodríguez, Miguel Martínez-Lirola, Marta Herránz, Marisa Sanchez-Benitez, Pilar Barroso, Emilio Bouza and Darío García de Viedma

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:34

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. Although the life cycle of Bdellovibrio has been extensively investigated, very little is known about the mech...

    Authors: Adrian A Medina, Robert M Shanks and Daniel E Kadouri

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:33

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Atherosclerosis is still the leading cause of death in the western world. Besides known risk factors studies demonstrating Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) to be implicated in the progression of the disea...

    Authors: Joseph Marino, Isabelle Stoeckli, Michael Walch, Sonja Latinovic-Golic, Hanna Sundstroem, Peter Groscurth, Urs Ziegler and Claudia Dumrese

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:32

    Content type: Research article

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  9. We have previously shown that supernatant from Candida albicans (CA) culture contains a Secretory Interleukin (IL)-12 Inhibitory Factor (CA-SIIF), which inhibits IL-12 production by human monocytes. However, the ...

    Authors: Mingyue Wang, Pranab K Mukherjee, Jyotsna Chandra, Ali Abdul Lattif, Thomas S McCormick and Mahmoud A Ghannoum

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:31

    Content type: Research article

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  10. The phenomenon of misdiagnosing tuberculosis (TB) by laboratory cross-contamination when culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has been widely reported and it has an obvious clinical, therapeutic and social ...

    Authors: Ana Martín, Marta Herranz, Miguel Martínez Lirola, Rosa Fernández Fernández, Emilio Bouza and Darío García de Viedma

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:30

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Within-host competition between strains of a vector-borne pathogen can affect strain frequencies in both the host and vector, thereby affecting viral population dynamics. However little is known about inter-st...

    Authors: Kim M Pepin, Kalli Lambeth and Kathryn A Hanley

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:28

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Both tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria can cause infection in nonhuman primates (NHP), indicating the existence of potential zoonotic transmission between these animals and visitors to zoos or anima...

    Authors: Gerald K Chege, Robin M Warren, Nico C Gey van Pittius, Wendy A Burgers, Robert J Wilkinson, Enid G Shephard and Anna-Lise Williamson

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:27

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with periodontal disease and invades different cell types including epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition to P. gingivalis DNA, we have previously ide...

    Authors: Ling Li, Raynald Michel, Joshua Cohen, Arthur DeCarlo and Emil Kozarov

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:26

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Haemophilus influenzae is one of the main aetiological agents of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of telithromycin against

    Authors: Elena De Vecchi, Lucia Nicola, Monica Larosa and Lorenzo Drago

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:23

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Soya and its derivatives represent nutritionally high quality food products whose major drawback is their high content of α-galacto-oligosaccharides. These are not digested in the small intestine due to the na...

    Authors: Jean Guy LeBlanc, Florence Ledue-Clier, Martine Bensaada, Graciela Savoy de Giori, Theodora Guerekobaya, Fernando Sesma, Vincent Juillard, Sylvie Rabot and Jean-Christophe Piard

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:22

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Anthrax and plague are diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis respectively. These bacteria are etiological agents for worldwide zoonotic diseases and are considered among the most feared potent...

    Authors: Andrea Ciammaruconi, Saverio Grassi, Riccardo De Santis, Giovanni Faggioni, Valentina Pittiglio, Raffaele D'Amelio, Alessandra Carattoli, Antonio Cassone, Gilles Vergnaud and Florigio Lista

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:21

    Content type: Methodology article

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  20. The opportunistic food-borne gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can exist as a free-living microorganism in the environment and grow in the cytoplasm of vertebrate and invertebrate cells following infe...

    Authors: Torsten Hain, Hamid Hossain, Som S Chatterjee, Silke Machata, Ute Volk, Sandra Wagner, Benedikt Brors, Stefan Haas, Carsten T Kuenne, Andre Billion, Sonja Otten, Jan Pane-Farre, Susanne Engelmann and Trinad Chakraborty

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:20

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral bacterium associated with aggressively progressing periodontitis. Extracellular release of bacterial outer membrane proteins has been suggested to mainly occur via...

    Authors: Maribasappa Karched, Riikka Ihalin, Kjell Eneslätt, Deyu Zhong, Jan Oscarsson, Sun N Wai, Casey Chen and Sirkka E Asikainen

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:18

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) exists in most organisms and might play a role in cellular stress responses. In E. coli, ThTP is accumulated in response to amino acid starvation but the mechanism of its synthesis...

    Authors: Tiziana Gigliobianco, Bernard Lakaye, Alexander F Makarchikov, Pierre Wins and Lucien Bettendorff

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:16

    Content type: Research article

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  25. The heme acquisition machinery in Streptococcus pyogenes is believed to consist of the surface proteins, Shr and Shp, and heme-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter HtsABC. Shp has been shown to rapidly trans...

    Authors: Hui Zhu, Mengyao Liu and Benfang Lei

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:15

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and is the etiological agent of peptic ulcer disease. All three H. pylori strains that have been sequenced to date contain a potential operon whose products share h...

    Authors: Priyanka Brahmachary, Ge Wang, Stéphane L Benoit, Michael V Weinberg, Robert J Maier and Timothy R Hoover

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:14

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The autoinducer-2 (AI-2) group of signalling molecules are produced by both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as the by-product of a metabolic transformation carried out by the LuxS enzyme. They are the...

    Authors: Agnes Bodor, Bettina Elxnat, Verena Thiel, Stefan Schulz and Irene Wagner-Döbler

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:13

    Content type: Research article

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  28. The Yersinia enterocolitica flagellar master regulator FlhD/FlhC affects the expression levels of non-flagellar genes, including 21 genes that are involved in central metabolism. The sigma factor of the flagellar...

    Authors: Megan K Townsend, Nathan J Carr, Jyoti G Iyer, Shelley M Horne, Penelope S Gibbs and Birgit M Prüß

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:12

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Lamivudine is an oral nucleoside analogue widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The main limitation of lamivudine use is the selection of resistant mutations that increases with time of utiliza...

    Authors: Marcelle Bottecchia, Francisco JD Souto, Kycia MR Ó, Marcia Amendola, Carlos E Brandão, Christian Niel and Selma A Gomes

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:11

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Salmonella can reside in healthy animals without the manifestation of any adverse effects on the carrier. If raw products of animal origin are not handled properly during processing or cooked to a proper temperat...

    Authors: Attila Karsi, Kevin Howe, Tasha B Kirkpatrick, Robert Wills, R Hartford Bailey and Mark L Lawrence

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:10

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The administration of non-antifungal drugs during patient hospitalization might be responsible for discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to antifungals. Propofol is often administered to inten...

    Authors: Sofia Costa-de-Oliveira, Ricardo Araujo, Ana Silva-Dias, Cidália Pina-Vaz and Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:9

    Content type: Research article

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  32. The response regulator DegU and its cognate histidine kinase DegS constitute a two-component system in the Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of DegU are kno...

    Authors: Kensuke Tsukahara and Mitsuo Ogura

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:8

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Pyoverdines (PVDs) are high affinity siderophores, for which the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis, uptake and regulation have been extensively studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. However, the extent to wh...

    Authors: Christina D Moon, Xue-Xian Zhang, Sandra Matthijs, Mathias Schäfer, Herbert Budzikiewicz and Paul B Rainey

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:7

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that exploit microorganisms to generate electric power from organic matter. Despite the development of efficient MFC reactors, the microbiology of electricity generation...

    Authors: Shun'ichi Ishii, Takefumi Shimoyama, Yasuaki Hotta and Kazuya Watanabe

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:6

    Content type: Research article

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  35. The chlamydial developmental cycle involves the alternation between the metabolically inert elementary body (EB) and the replicating reticulate body (RB). The triggers that mediate the interchange between thes...

    Authors: Alexander Hoare, Peter Timms, Patrik M Bavoil and David P Wilson

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:5

    Content type: Hypothesis

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  36. Autoinducer 2 (AI-2), a widespread by-product of the LuxS-catalyzed S-ribosylhomocysteine cleavage reaction in the activated methyl cycle, has been suggested to serve as an intra- and interspecies signaling mo...

    Authors: Min Li, Amer E Villaruz, Viveka Vadyvaloo, Daniel E Sturdevant and Michael Otto

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:4

    Content type: Research article

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  37. The endoglycosidase EndoS and the cysteine proteinase SpeB from the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes are functionally related in that they both hydrolyze IgG leading to impairment of opsonizing antibodies an...

    Authors: Maria Allhorn, Arne Olsén and Mattias Collin

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:3

    Content type: Research article

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  39. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum executes a multicellular development program upon starvation. This morphogenetic process requires the differential regulation of a large number of genes and is coordinat...

    Authors: Juan J Vicente, María Galardi-Castilla, Ricardo Escalante and Leandro Sastre

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2008 8:1

    Content type: Research article

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  40. AP65 is a prominent adhesin of Trichomonas vaginalis that mediates binding of parasites to host vaginal epithelial cells (VECs). AP65 with no secretion signal sequence, membrane targeting peptide, and anchoring m...

    Authors: Ana F Garcia and JF Alderete

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:116

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Most studies of the vaginal microflora have been based on culture or on qualitative molecular techniques. Here we applied existing real-time PCR formats for Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri and Gardnerella vag...

    Authors: Ellen De Backer, Rita Verhelst, Hans Verstraelen, Mohammed A Alqumber, Jeremy P Burton, John R Tagg, Marleen Temmerman and Mario Vaneechoutte

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:115

    Content type: Research article

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  43. The IgA1 protease of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a proteolytic enzyme that specifically cleaves the hinge regions of human IgA1, which dominates most mucosal surfaces and is the major IgA isotype in serum. This p...

    Authors: Francesca De Paolis, Elisa Beghetto, Andrea Spadoni, Francesca Montagnani, Franco Felici, Marco R Oggioni and Nicola Gargano

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:113

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Enterococci have emerged as a significant cause of nosocomial infections in many parts of the world over the last decade. The most common enterococci strains present in clinical isolates are E. faecalis and E. fa...

    Authors: Chan Yean Yean, Lee Su Yin, Pattabhiraman Lalitha and Manickam Ravichandran

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:112

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Along with angioplasty, autologus vein grafts are commonly used for artery bypass grafting in patients with advanced arterial stenosis and drug-resistant angina pectoris. Although initially a successful proced...

    Authors: Geoffrey TL Kloppenburg, Rick de Graaf, Gert ELM Grauls, Cathrien A Bruggeman and Frank R Stassen

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:111

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Sunflower downy mildew is a major disease caused by the obligatory biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara halstedii. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity. In this study we used a ge...

    Authors: Mohamed Fouad Bouzidi, Francis Parlange, Paul Nicolas and Said Mouzeyar

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:110

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are bacteriophage-encoded proteins that have been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and other severe disease conditions. Stx1 and Stx2 are gene...

    Authors: James E Lee, Junelina Reed, Malcolm S Shields, Kathleen M Spiegel, Larry D Farrell and Peter P Sheridan

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:109

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The metagenomic analysis of microbial communities holds the potential to improve our understanding of the role of microbes in clinical conditions. Recent, dramatic improvements in DNA sequencing throughput and...

    Authors: Andreas Sundquist, Saharnaz Bigdeli, Roxana Jalili, Maurice L Druzin, Sarah Waller, Kristin M Pullen, Yasser Y El-Sayed, M Mark Taslimi, Serafim Batzoglou and Mostafa Ronaghi

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:108

    Content type: Methodology article

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  49. Sporothrix schenckii is a pathogenic, dimorphic fungus, the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous lymphatic mycosis. Dimorphism in S. schenckii responds to second messengers such as cAMP and calcium...

    Authors: Liz Valle-Aviles, Shirley Valentin-Berrios, Ricardo R Gonzalez-Mendez and Nuri Rodriguez-del Valle

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2007 7:107

    Content type: Research article

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