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  1. Efficient perception of attacking pathogens is essential for plants. Plant defense is evoked by molecules termed elicitors. Endogenous elicitors or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) originate from p...

    Authors: Frank-Jörg Vorhölter, Heinrich-Günter Wiggerich, Heiko Scheidle, Vishaldeep Kaur Sidhu, Kalina Mrozek, Helge Küster, Alfred Pühler and Karsten Niehaus
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. FK506 (Tacrolimus) is an important immunosuppressant, produced by industrial biosynthetic processes using various Streptomyces species. Considering the complex structure of FK506, it is reasonable to expect compl...

    Authors: Dušan Goranovič, Marko Blažič, Vasilka Magdevska, Jaka Horvat, Enej Kuščer, Tomaž Polak, Javier Santos-Aberturas, Miriam Martínez-Castro, Carlos Barreiro, Peter Mrak, Gregor Kopitar, Gregor Kosec, Štefan Fujs, Juan F Martín and Hrvoje Petković
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The vaginal microbiota of healthy women consists of a wide variety of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by the genus Lactobacillus. The activity of lactobacilli helps to maintain the na...

    Authors: Beatrice Vitali, Federica Cruciani, Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Teresa Capursi, Enzo Spisni, Maria Chiara Valerii, Marco Candela, Silvia Turroni and Patrizia Brigidi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin, which is a carotenoid with a great biotechnological impact. The ergosterol and carotenoid synthesis pathways are derived from...

    Authors: Iris Loto, María Soledad Gutiérrez, Salvador Barahona, Dionisia Sepúlveda, Pilar Martínez-Moya, Marcelo Baeza, Víctor Cifuentes and Jennifer Alcaíno
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Microorganisms have provided a wealth of metabolites with interesting activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer. In this study, a total of 119 aquatic microbial isolates from 30 samples (taken...

    Authors: Adelaide A Tawiah, Stephen Y Gbedema, Francis Adu, Vivian E Boamah and Kofi Annan
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Although Campylobacter jejuni is consistently ranked as one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, the mechanisms by which C. jejuni causes disease and how they are regulated have yet to be clearl...

    Authors: Joshua A Fields and Stuart A Thompson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne illness in Europe and North America. The mechanisms allowing survival in the environment and transmission to new hosts are not well understood. Enviro...

    Authors: Xuan Thanh Bui, Klaus Qvortrup, Anders Wolff, Dang Duong Bang and Carole Creuzenet
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) colonizes the intestinal epithelium and causes attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Expression of virulence genes, particularly those from the locus of the enterocyte ef...

    Authors: Anne-Marie Hansen and Ding Jun Jin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Bacillus licheniformis has for many years been used in the industrial production of enzymes, antibiotics and detergents. However, as a producer of dormant heat-resistant endospores B. licheniformis might contamin...

    Authors: Elisabeth H Madslien, Jaran S Olsen, Per E Granum and Janet M Blatny
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Burkholderia (B.) pseudomallei and B. mallei are genetically closely related species. B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis in humans and animals, whereas B. mallei is the causative agent of glanders in equines and ...

    Authors: Axel Karger, Rüdiger Stock, Mario Ziller, Mandy C Elschner, Barbara Bettin, Falk Melzer, Thomas Maier, Markus Kostrzewa, Holger C Scholz, Heinrich Neubauer and Herbert Tomaso
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children younger than five years. The increasing incidence of macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant pneumococci among children h...

    Authors: Lin Zhou, Xiang Ma, Wei Gao, Kai-hu Yao, A-dong Shen, Sang-jie Yu and Yong-hong Yang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Periodontitis is caused by a highly complex consortium of bacteria that establishes as biofilms in subgingival pockets. It is a disease that occurs worldwide and its consequences are a major health concern. In...

    Authors: Thomas W Ammann, Rudolf Gmür and Thomas Thurnheer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Glutamyl queuosine-tRNAAsp synthetase (GluQ-RS) is a paralog of the catalytic domain of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and catalyzes the formation of glutamyl-queuosine on the wobble position of tRNAAsp. Here we analyz...

    Authors: Valeria C Caballero, Viviana P Toledo, Cristian Maturana, Carolyn R Fisher, Shelley M Payne and Juan Carlos Salazar
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Bacteria integrate numerous environmental stimuli when generating cellular responses. Increasing numbers of examples describe how one two-component system (TCS) responds to signals detected by the sensor of an...

    Authors: Akinori Kato, Hironori Hayashi, Wataru Nomura, Haruka Emori, Kei Hagihara and Ryutaro Utsumi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I MFN1032 is a clinical isolate able to grow at 37°C. This strain displays secretion-mediated hemolytic activity involving phospholipase C and cyclolipopeptides, and a cell-associat...

    Authors: Daniel Sperandio, Victorien Decoin, Xavier Latour, Lily Mijouin, Mélanie Hillion, Marc G J Feuilloley, Nicole Orange and Annabelle Merieau
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The gut micro flora plays vital role in health status of the host. The majority of microbes residing in the gut have a profound influence on human physiology and nutrition. Different human ethnic groups vary i...

    Authors: Nachiket Marathe, Sudarshan Shetty, Vikram Lanjekar, Dilip Ranade and Yogesh Shouche
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Recent advances in sequencing technologies offer promising tools for generating large numbers of genomes, larger typing databases and improved mapping of environmental bacterial diversity. However, DNA-based m...

    Authors: Jon Ahlinder, Caroline Öhrman, Kerstin Svensson, Petter Lindgren, Anders Johansson, Mats Forsman, Pär Larsson and Andreas Sjödin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Staphylococcus aureus secretes EsxA and EsxB, two small polypeptides of the WXG100 family of proteins. Genetic analyses have shown that production and secretion of EsxA and EsxB require an intact ESAT-6 Secretion...

    Authors: Yi-Hsing Chen, Mark Anderson, Antoni PA Hendrickx and Dominique Missiakas
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Coccidioidomycosis results from airborne infections caused by either Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii. Both are pathogenic fungi that live in desert soil in the New World and can infect normal hosts, but most...

    Authors: Christopher H Woelk, Jin X Zhang, Lorraine Walls, Suganya Viriyakosol, Akul Singhania, Theo N Kirkland and Joshua Fierer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The frequent occurrence of chemoresistant strains reduces the chances of eradication of H. pylori infection and prompted the investigation of non-antibiotic substances active against this organism. Some surfactan...

    Authors: Natale Figura, Roberto Marcolongo, Giovanni Cavallo, Annalisa Santucci, Giulia Collodel, Adriano Spreafico and Elena Moretti
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen infecting the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) is transmissible, capable of superseding other P. aerugi...

    Authors: Chloe E James, Joanne L Fothergill, Hannes Kade, Amanda J Hall, Jennifer Cottell, Michael A Brockhurst and Craig Winstanley
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes human diseases ranging in severity from uncomplicated pharyngitis to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and shows high rates of macrolide resistance in several countries. Ou...

    Authors: Virginia Rubio-López, Sylvia Valdezate, David Álvarez, Pilar Villalón, María José Medina, Celia Salcedo and Juan-Antonio Sáez-Nieto
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Clostridium thermocellum produces H2 and ethanol, as well as CO2, acetate, formate, and lactate, directly from cellulosic biomass. It is therefore an attractive model for biofuel production via consolidated biopr...

    Authors: Thomas Rydzak, Peter D McQueen, Oleg V Krokhin, Vic Spicer, Peyman Ezzati, Ravi C Dwivedi, Dmitry Shamshurin, David B Levin, John A Wilkins and Richard Sparling
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. O-glycosylation of secretory proteins has been found to be an important factor in fungal biology and virulence. It consists in the addition of short glycosidic chains to Ser or Thr residues in the protein backb.....

    Authors: Mario González, Nélida Brito and Celedonio González
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Streptococcus gordonii is one of several species that can initiate the formation of oral biofilms that develop into the complex multispecies microbial communities referred to as dental plaque. It is in the contex...

    Authors: Erik L Hendrickson, Tiansong Wang, Brittany C Dickinson, Sarah E Whitmore, Christopher J Wright, Richard J Lamont and Murray Hackett
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus inhabits low-nutrient environments and can tolerate certain levels of heavy metals in these sites. It has been reported that C. crescentus responds to exposure to vari...

    Authors: Christian Kohler, Rogério F Lourenço, Gabriela M Avelar and Suely L Gomes
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Vibrio harveyi and closely related species are important pathogens in aquaculture. A complex quorum sensing cascade involving three autoinducers controls bioluminescence and several genes encoding virulence facto...

    Authors: Claudia Anetzberger, Ursula Schell and Kirsten Jung
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Y. enterocolitica biotype (BT) 1A strains are often isolated from human clinical samples but their contribution to disease has remained a controversial topic. Variation and the population structure among the clin...

    Authors: Leila M Sihvonen, Kaisa Jalkanen, Elisa Huovinen, Susanna Toivonen, Jukka Corander, Markku Kuusi, Mikael Skurnik, Anja Siitonen and Kaisa Haukka
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The compatible solute trehalose is involved in the osmostress response of Rhizobium etli, the microsymbiont of Phaseolus vulgaris. In this work, we reconstructed trehalose metabolism in R. etli, and investigated ...

    Authors: Mercedes Reina-Bueno, Montserrat Argandoña, Joaquín J Nieto, Alba Hidalgo-García, Fernando Iglesias-Guerra, María J Delgado and Carmen Vargas
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In the past decade, researchers have proposed that the pldA gene for outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is important for bacterial colonization of the human gastric ventricle. Several conserved Helicobacter p...

    Authors: Hilde S Vollan, Tone Tannæs, Yoshio Yamaoka and Geir Bukholm
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial community present in the urine from IC female patien...

    Authors: Huma Siddiqui, Karin Lagesen, Alexander J Nederbragt, Stig L Jeansson and Kjetill S Jakobsen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The genus Mycobacterium (M.) comprises highly pathogenic bacteria such as M. tuberculosis as well as environmental opportunistic bacteria called non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). While the incidence of tubercul...

    Authors: Faisal Asghar Khattak, Ashutosh Kumar, Elisabeth Kamal, Ralph Kunisch and Astrid Lewin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Pockmarks (depressions in the seabed) have been discovered throughout the world’s oceans and are often related to hydrocarbon seepage. Although high concentrations of pockmarks are present in the seabed overla...

    Authors: Othilde Elise Håvelsrud, Thomas HA Haverkamp, Tom Kristensen, Kjetill S Jakobsen and Anne Gunn Rike
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Small size eukaryotes play a fundamental role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems, however, the way in which these micro-organisms respond to combined effects of water temperature, UVB radiations (UVBR) a...

    Authors: Isabelle Domaizon, Cécile Lepère, Didier Debroas, Marc Bouvy, Jean Francois Ghiglione, Stephan Jacquet, Yvan Bettarel, Corinne Bouvier, Jean Pascal Torréton, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Amy Kirkham, Emilie LeFloc’h, Eric Fouilland, Helene Montanié and Thierry Bouvier
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia, sepsis and urinary tract infections. Colonisation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a key step in the development of infections;...

    Authors: Erik J Boll, Lene N Nielsen, Karen A Krogfelt and Carsten Struve
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid; NeuNAc) is one of the most important carbohydrates for Streptococcus pneumoniae due of its role as a carbon and energy source, receptor for adhesion and invasion and molecula...

    Authors: Luciana Gualdi, Jasvinder Kaur Hayre, Alice Gerlini, Alessandro Bidossi, Leonarda Colomba, Claudia Trappetti, Gianni Pozzi, Jean-Denis Docquier, Peter Andrew, Susanna Ricci and Marco R Oggioni
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Biogenic amines are molecules with allergenic properties. They are found in fermented products and are synthesized by lactic acid bacteria through the decarboxylation of amino acids present in the food matrix....

    Authors: Maryse Bonnin-Jusserand, Cosette Grandvalet, Aurélie Rieu, Stéphanie Weidmann and Hervé Alexandre
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Pelgipeptin, a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent, is a non-ribosomally synthesised lipopeptide antibiotic. This compound consists of a β-hydroxy fatty acid and nine amino acids. To date, there is no in...

    Authors: Chao-Dong Qian, Tian-Zhe Liu, Shuang-Lin Zhou, Rui Ding, Wen-Peng Zhao, Ou Li and Xue-Chang Wu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Biofilm production is an important mechanism for bacterial survival and its association with antimicrobial resistance represents a challenge for the patient treatment. In this study we evaluated the in vitro acti...

    Authors: Larissa Lutz, Dariane Castro Pereira, Rodrigo Minuto Paiva, Alexandre Prehn Zavascki and Afonso Luis Barth
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Adaptive responses in fungi result from the interaction of membrane receptors and extracellular ligands. Many different classes of receptors have been described in eukaryotic cells. Recently a new family of re...

    Authors: Waleska Gonzalez-Velazquez, Ricardo Gonzalez-Mendez and Nuri Rodriguez-del Valle
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Copper mining has led to Cu pollution in agricultural soils. In this report, the effects of Cu pollution on bacterial communities of agricultural soils from Valparaiso region, central Chile, were studied. Dena...

    Authors: Fabiola Altimira, Carolina Yáñez, Guillermo Bravo, Myriam González, Luis A Rojas and Michael Seeger
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Monoterpenes present a large and versatile group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of plant origin with widespread use in the fragrance as well as food industry. The anaerobic β-myrcene degradation pathway in Castellan...

    Authors: Frauke Lüddeke, Aytac Dikfidan and Jens Harder
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Monitoring drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential to curb the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, drug susceptibility testing is currently not available in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and t...

    Authors: Marie Ballif, Paul Harino, Serej Ley, Mireia Coscolla, Stefan Niemann, Robyn Carter, Christopher Coulter, Sonia Borrell, Peter Siba, Suparat Phuanukoonnon, Sebastien Gagneux and Hans-Peter Beck
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are members of the normal human intestinal microbiota. However, both organisms are capable of causing opportunistic infections, during which the environmental...

    Authors: Roibeard F Thornton, Elizabeth C Murphy, Todd F Kagawa, Paul W O’Toole and Jakki C Cooney
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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