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  1. The proliferation and survival of microbial organisms including intestinal microbes are determined by their surrounding environments. Contrary to popular myth, the nutritional and chemical compositions, water ...

    Authors: Enkhchimeg Lkhagva, Hea-Jong Chung, Jinny Hong, Wai Hong Wilson Tang, Sang-Il Lee, Seong-Tshool Hong and Seungkoo Lee

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:44

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Microbial organisms encounter a variety of environmental conditions, including changes to metal ion availability. Metal ions play an important role in many biological processes for growth and survival. As such...

    Authors: A. Sukumaran, S. Pladwig and J. Geddes-McAlister

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:43

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms share carboh...

    Authors: Shintaro Maeno, Hiroya Nishimura, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Leon Dicks, Masanori Arita and Akihito Endo

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:41

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Melatonin (MT), ubiquitous in almost all organisms, functions as a free radical scavenger. Despite several reports on its role as an antioxidant in animals, plants, and some microorganisms, extensive studies i...

    Authors: Yang Yu, Zhaowei Teng, Zongmin Mou, Yan Lv, Tao Li, Suiyun Chen, Dake Zhao and Zhiwei Zhao

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:40

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Increase in the number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in neutropenic cancer patients has prompted the search for novel therapeutic agents having dual anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Ba...

    Authors: Preeti Sharma, Sumanpreet Kaur, Bhupinder Singh Chadha, Raminderjit Kaur, Manpreet Kaur and Sukhraj Kaur

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:39

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Clarithromycin resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains represent a worldwide health problem. These stains are usually carrying mutations within the 23S rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistanc...

    Authors: Aalaa Mahgoub Albasha, Maram M. Elnosh, Esraa Hassan Osman, Duha M. Zeinalabdin, Amira A. M. Fadl, Musa Abdalla Ali and Hisham N. Altayb

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:38

    Content type: Research article

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  8. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Chun-mei Chen, Min Wang, Xian-ping Li, Peng-ling Li, Jing-jing Tian, Kan Zhang and Can Luo

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:37

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Microbiology 2021 21:25

  9. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a major source of healthcare-associated infection with a high risk of recurrence, attributable to many factors such as usage of antibiotics, older age and immunocompromised...

    Authors: Maria Kulecka, Edyta Waker, Filip Ambrozkiewicz, Agnieszka Paziewska, Karolina Skubisz, Patrycja Cybula, Łukasz Targoński, Michał Mikula, Jan Walewski and Jerzy Ostrowski

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:36

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Species-level genetic characterization of complex bacterial communities has important clinical applications in both diagnosis and treatment. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has proven ...

    Authors: Yoshiyuki Matsuo, Shinnosuke Komiya, Yoshiaki Yasumizu, Yuki Yasuoka, Katsura Mizushima, Tomohisa Takagi, Kirill Kryukov, Aisaku Fukuda, Yoshiharu Morimoto, Yuji Naito, Hidetaka Okada, Hidemasa Bono, So Nakagawa and Kiichi Hirota

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:35

    Content type: Methodology article

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  11. Paromomycin is a 2-deoxystreptamine aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and many protozoa. This study introduces a strategy for pa...

    Authors: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, Asmaa A. Ibrahim, Mahmoud A. Yassien and Khaled M. Aboshanab

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:34

    Content type: Research article

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  12. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Priscilla C. Barger, Mark R. Liles, Benjamin H. Beck and Joseph C. Newton

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:33

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Microbiology 2021 21:8

  13. DNA binding KfrA-type proteins of broad-host-range bacterial plasmids belonging to IncP-1 and IncU incompatibility groups are characterized by globular N-terminal head domains and long alpha-helical coiled-coi...

    Authors: M. Adamczyk, E. Lewicka, R. Szatkowska, H. Nieznanska, J. Ludwiczak, M. Jasiński, S. Dunin-Horkawicz, E. Sitkiewicz, B. Swiderska, G. Goch and G. Jagura-Burdzy

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:32

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Early 2020, a COVID-19 epidemic became a public health emergency of international concern. To address this pandemic broad testing with an easy, comfortable and reliable testing method is of utmost concern. Nas...

    Authors: Tania Desmet, Peter De Paepe, Jerina Boelens, Liselotte Coorevits, Elizaveta Padalko, Stien Vandendriessche, Isabel Leroux-Roels, Annelies Aerssens, Steven Callens, Eva Van Braeckel, Thomas Malfait, Frank Vermassen and Bruno Verhasselt

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:31

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Studies on the rhizosphere microbiome of various plants proved that rhizosphere microbiota carries out various vital functions and can regulate the growth and improve the yield of plants. However, the rhizosph...

    Authors: Yan Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhangjun Shen, Jingjing Wang, Yajun Chen, Dong Wang, Gang Liu and Maozhen Han

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:30

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Salmonella enterica remains a leading cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Serotype information is important in food safety and public health activities to reduce the burden of salmonellosis. In the current st...

    Authors: Assèta Kagambèga, Lari M. Hiott, David S. Boyle, Elizabeth A. McMillan, Poonam Sharma, Sushim K. Gupta, Hazem Ramadan, Sohyun Cho, Shaheen B. Humayoun, Tiffanie A. Woodley, Nicolas Barro, Charlene R. Jackson and Jonathan G. Frye

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:29

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Several Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) schemes have been developed for Chlamydia trachomatis. Bom’s MLST scheme for MLST is based on nested PCR amplification and sequencing of five hypervariable genes and ompA

    Authors: Shlomo Pilo, Gal Zizelski Valenci, Mor Rubinstein, Lea Pichadze, Yael Scharf, Zeev Dveyrin, Efrat Rorman and Israel Nissan

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:28

    Content type: Methodology article

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  18. Zinc uptake-regulator (Zur)-regulated lipoprotein A (ZrlA) plays a role in bacterial fitness and overcoming antimicrobial exposure in Acinetobacter baumannii. This study further characterized the zrlA gene and it...

    Authors: Nayeong Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Man Hwan Oh, Se Yeon Kim, Mi Hyun Kim, Joo Hee Son, Seung Il Kim, Minsang Shin, Yoo Chul Lee and Je Chul Lee

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:27

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Studies of the gut microbiome are becoming increasingly important. Such studies require stool collections that can be processed or frozen in a timely manner so as not to alter the microbial content. Due to the...

    Authors: Meghan I. Short, Robert Hudson, Benjamin D. Besasie, Kelly R. Reveles, Dimpy P. Shah, Susannah Nicholson, Teresa L. Johnson-Pais, Korri Weldon, Zhao Lai, Robin J. Leach, Bernard Fongang and Michael A. Liss

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:26

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) infections. It has been reported that gastrointestinal colonization (GI) is likely to be a common and significant reservoir for the transmissio...

    Authors: Chun-mei Chen, Min Wang, Xian-ping Li, Peng-ling Li, Jing-jing Tian, Kan Zhang and Can Luo

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:25

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2021 21:37

  21. Berberine (BBR) is a plant-based nutraceutical that has been used for millennia to treat diarrheal infections and in contemporary medicine to improve patient lipid profiles. Reduction in lipids, particularly c...

    Authors: Patricia G. Wolf, Saravanan Devendran, Heidi L. Doden, Lindsey K. Ly, Tyler Moore, Hajime Takei, Hiroshi Nittono, Tsuyoshi Murai, Takao Kurosawa, George E. Chlipala, Stefan J. Green, Genta Kakiyama, Purna Kashyap, Vance J. McCracken, H. Rex Gaskins, Patrick M. Gillevet…

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:24

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Since its discovery in 2007, the importance of the human gut bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) has been widely recognized with its links to diet and health status and potential as next generation probiotic. T...

    Authors: Phebe Verbrugghe, Olivier Van Aken, Frida Hållenius and Anne Nilsson

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:23

    Content type: Methodology article

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  23. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide. HuNoVs can be detected in vitro using molecular assays such as RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. However, these molec...

    Authors: Meng Xu, Feifeng Lu, Chenang Lyu, Qingping Wu, Jumei Zhang, Peng Tian, Liang Xue, Ting Xu and Dapeng Wang

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:22

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium which causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. Genome plasticity has given rise to a wide range of strain variation with respect to antimicr...

    Authors: Ranashia L. Boone, Briana Whitehead, Tyra M. Avery, Jacky Lu, Jamisha D. Francis, Miriam A. Guevara, Rebecca E. Moore, Schuyler A. Chambers, Ryan S. Doster, Shannon D. Manning, Steven D. Townsend, Leon Dent, Dana Marshall, Jennifer A. Gaddy and Steven M. Damo

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:21

    Content type: Research article

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  25. The analysis of blow microbiota has been proposed as a biomarker for respiratory health analysis in cetaceans. Yet, we lack crucial knowledge on the long-term stability of the blow microbiota and its potential...

    Authors: Catharina Vendl, Tiffanie Nelson, Belinda Ferrari, Torsten Thomas and Tracey Rogers

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:20

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The porcine respiratory tract harbours multiple microorganisms, and the interactions between these organisms could be associated with animal health status. Pasteurella multocida is a culturable facultative anaero...

    Authors: Nonzee Hanchanachai, Pramote Chumnanpuen and Teerasak E-kobon

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:19

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Continuous cropping of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in farmland for an extended period gives rise to soil-borne disease. The change in soil microbial composition is a major cause of soil-borne disease...

    Authors: Ai-Zi Tong, Wei Liu, Qiang Liu, Guang-Qing Xia and Jun-Yi Zhu

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:18

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or chara...

    Authors: Erin Miller, Veronica Barragan, Jorge Chiriboga, Chad Weddell, Ligia Luna, Dulce J. Jiménez, John Aleman, Joseph R. Mihaljevic, Sonora Olivas, Jane Marks, Ricardo Izurieta, Nathan Nieto, Paul Keim, Gabriel Trueba, J. Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:17

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects nearly half of the world’s population with a variation in incidence among different geographic regions. Genetic variants in the promoter regions of the IL1B gene can affect...

    Authors: Abeer Babiker Idris, Einas Babiker Idris, Amany Eltayib Ataelmanan, Ali Elbagir Ali Mohamed, Bashir M. Osman Arbab, El-Amin Mohamed Ibrahim and Mohamed A. Hassan

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:16

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The gut microbiome is essential for the host’s health and serves as an essential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We investigated the effects of different factors, including the dietary shifts ...

    Authors: Ghulam Raza Mustafa, Caiwu Li, Siyue Zhao, Lei Jin, Xueping He, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Yongguo He, Ti Li, Wenwen Deng, Lin Xu, Yaowu Xiong, Guiquan Zhang, Hemin Zhang, Yan Huang and Likou Zou

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:15

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze ...

    Authors: Nathaly Andrea Montenegro Benavides, Alejandro Alvarez B., Mario L. Arrieta-Ortiz, Luis Miguel Rodriguez-R, David Botero, Javier Felipe Tabima, Luisa Castiblanco, Cesar Trujillo, Silvia Restrepo and Adriana Bernal

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:14

    Content type: Research article

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  32. The aim was to determine the potential association of the gut microbiota composition, especially the abundance of Actinobacteria, as well as the differentiation of functional and resistance genes with age (young ...

    Authors: Jun Li, Haiyan Si, Haitao Du, Hongxia Guo, Huanqin Dai, Shiping Xu and Jun Wan

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:13

    Content type: Research article

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  33. An aquaponic system couples cultivation of plants and fish in the same aqueous medium. The system consists of interconnected compartments for fish rearing and plant production, as well as for water filtration,...

    Authors: Zala Schmautz, Carlos A. Espinal, Andrea M. Bohny, Fabio Rezzonico, Ranka Junge, Emmanuel Frossard and Theo H. M. Smits

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:12

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients with different immune responses to highly...

    Authors: Yirui Xie, Jia Sun, Li Wei, Haiyin Jiang, Caiqin Hu, Jiezuan Yang, Ying Huang, Bing Ruan and Biao Zhu

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:11

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile, HV1-certified, genetically accessible, and thus interesting microbial chassis for biotechnological applications. However, its obligate aerobic nature hamper...

    Authors: Linde F. C. Kampers, Jasper J. Koehorst, Ruben J. A. van Heck, Maria Suarez-Diez, Alfons J. M. Stams and Peter J. Schaap

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:9

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) is an emerging pathogen in freshwater aquaculture that results in the loss of over 3 million pounds of marketable channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and channel catfish...

    Authors: Priscilla C. Barger, Mark R. Liles, Benjamin H. Beck and Joseph C. Newton

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:8

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2021 21:33

  38. Working in an underground tunnel environment is unavoidable in professions such as miners and tunnel workers, and there is a concern about the health of these workers. Few studies have addressed alterations in...

    Authors: Zhen-Hua Lu, Yi-Wen Liu, Zhao-Hua Ji, Ting Fu, Min Yan, Zhong-jun Shao and Yong Long

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:7

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans...

    Authors: Mingze Cao, Weiwei Wang, Liwei Zhang, Guanhui Liu, Xuzheng Zhou, Bing Li, Yuxiang Shi, Zhen Zhu and Jiyu Zhang

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:6

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. During the last two decades research on animal filarial parasites, especially Onchocerca ochengi, infecting cattle in savanna areas of Africa revealed that O. ochengi as an animal model has biological features th...

    Authors: Ngwafu Nancy Ngwasiri, Norbert W. Brattig, Dieudonné Ndjonka, Eva Liebau, Archile Paguem, Dustin Leusder, Manchang Tanyi Kingsley, Albert Eisenbarth, Alfons Renz and Achukwi Mbunkah Daniel

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:5

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2021 21:117

  41. Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and is the second most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. M. ulcerans produces mycolactone, an immunos...

    Authors: Elizabeth Gyamfi, Charles A Narh, Charles Quaye, Adiza Abbass, Bartholomew Dzudzor and Lydia Mosi

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:4

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted infection and the bacterial agent of trachoma globally. C. trachomatis undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle involving an infectious elementary bod...

    Authors: Emmanuel Enoch Dzakah, Liping Huang, Yaohua Xue, Shuai Wei, Xiaolin Wang, Hongliang Chen, Jingwei Shui, Foster Kyei, Farooq Rashid, Heping Zheng, Bing Yang and Shixing Tang

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:3

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the main source of infection is contaminated chicken meat. Although this important human pathogen is an obligate microaerophile...

    Authors: Matthew V. X. Whelan, Jeremy C. Simpson and Tadhg Ó Cróinín

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:2

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Biofilms can form in many industries, one of them is the food industry. The formation of biofilms in this industry could cause immense economic losses and endanger public health. Biofilms formation is mainly t...

    Authors: Erika Mulya and Diana Elizabeth Waturangi

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2021 21:1

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Guo-Jie Brandon-Mong, Grace Tzun-Wen Shaw, Wei-Hsin Chen, Chien-Chang Chen and Daryi Wang

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:377

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Microbiology 2020 20:295

  46. Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus) is a human bacterial pathogen causing a range of mild to severe infections. The complicated transcriptome patterns of pneumococci during the colonization to infection proces...

    Authors: Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi, Morteza Kouhsar, Jafar Salimian and Ali Ahmadi

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:376

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Zheng Zhang, Yong-xiang Yu, Yin-geng Wang, Xiao Liu, Li-fang Wang, Hao Zhang, Mei-jie Liao and Bin Li

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:375

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Microbiology 2020 20:341

  48. The taxonomy of tintinnine ciliates is vastly unresolved because it has traditionally been based on the lorica (a secreted shell) and it has only recently incorporated cytological and molecular information. Tinti...

    Authors: Yang Bai, Rui Wang, Wen Song, Lifang Li, Luciana F. Santoferrara and Xiaozhong Hu

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:374

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Environmental biofilms can induce attachment and protection of other microorganisms including pathogens, but can also prevent them from invasion and colonization. This opens the possibility for so-called bioco...

    Authors: Sharon Maes, Koen De Reu, Stephanie Van Weyenberg, Bram Lories, Marc Heyndrickx and Hans Steenackers

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:373

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, and is related to the development of gastric carcinoma. Several chemicals, including antibiotics, have been...

    Authors: Mijung Lee, Jin-Young Chung, Ka Yeun Kim, Wooseok Im and Manho Kim

    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2020 20:372

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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