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  1. A close association between maize roots and Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) bacteria has been observed in different locations globally. In this study we investigated by MultiLocus Restriction Typing (MLRT) the...

    Authors: Annamaria Bevivino, Barbara Costa, Cristina Cantale, Silvia Cesarini, Luigi Chiarini, Silvia Tabacchioni, Jesus Caballero-Mellado and Claudia Dalmastri
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. In Enterococcus faecalis the genes encoding the enzymes involved in citrate metabolism are organized in two divergent operons, citHO and oadHDB-citCDEFX-oadA-citMG (citCL locus). Expression of both operons is spe...

    Authors: Cristian A Suárez, Víctor S Blancato, Sandrine Poncet, Josef Deutscher and Christian Magni
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. However, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance limits the choice of therapeutic options for treating infections cause...

    Authors: Vivek Daniel Paul, Sanjeev Saravanan Rajagopalan, Sudarson Sundarrajan, Shilpa E George, Jiya Y Asrani, Renjith Pillai, Ravisha Chikkamadaiah, Murali Durgaiah, Bharathi Sriram and Sriram Padmanabhan
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Most living cells uptake phosphate, an indispensable nutrient for growth from their natural environment. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the cells lack phosphate-inorganic transport (Pit) system but contain two ph...

    Authors: Surachet Burut-Archanai, Julian J Eaton-Rye and Aran Incharoensakdi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. A. baumannii epidemics described world-wide were caused by few genotypic clusters of strains. The occurrence of e...

    Authors: Pier Paolo Di Nocera, Francesco Rocco, Maria Giannouli, Maria Triassi and Raffaele Zarrilli
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Streptococcus thermophilus is an important starter strain for the production of yogurt and cheeses. The analysis of sequenced genomes of four strains of S. thermophilus indicates that they contain several genes o...

    Authors: Romain Henry, Emmanuelle Bruneau, Rozenn Gardan, Stéphane Bertin, Betty Fleuchot, Bernard Decaris and Nathalie Leblond-Bourget
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Extracellular stimuli in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli and other bacteria are processed by large clusters of sensory complexes. The stable core of these clusters is formed by transmembrane receptors, a kinase Ch...

    Authors: Sonja Schulmeister, Karin Grosse and Victor Sourjik
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Methane oxidizing prokaryotes in marine sediments are believed to function as a methane filter reducing the oceanic contribution to the global methane emission. In the anoxic parts of the sediments, oxidation ...

    Authors: Othilde Elise Håvelsrud, Thomas HA Haverkamp, Tom Kristensen, Kjetill S Jakobsen and Anne Gunn Rike
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the disease known as gray mold, which causes substantial losses of fruits at postharvest. This fungus is present often as latent infection and an appar...

    Authors: Martín A Fernández-Baldo, Jorge G Fernández, Sirley V Pereira, Germán A Messina, Eloy Salinas, Julio Raba and María I Sanz Ferramola
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:220
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  10. Epidemiology of celiac disease (CD) is increasing. CD mainly presents in early childhood with small intestinal villous atrophy and signs of malabsorption. Compared to healthy individuals, CD patients seemed to...

    Authors: Raffaella Di Cagno, Maria De Angelis, Ilaria De Pasquale, Maurice Ndagijimana, Pamela Vernocchi, Patrizia Ricciuti, Francesca Gagliardi, Luca Laghi, Carmine Crecchio, Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni, Marco Gobbetti and Ruggiero Francavilla
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping is one of the globally accepted techniques for defining epidemic clones of Clostridium difficile and tracing virulence-related strains. However, the ambiguous data gener...

    Authors: Hsiao L Wei, Chun Wei Kao, Sung H Wei, Jason TC Tzen and Chien S Chiou
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum is thought to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory infections in immunocompetent humans, yet little is known about its biology. Here we provide the first genom...

    Authors: Mark Voorhies, Catherine K Foo and Anita Sil
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in remote regions of Western Australia and is now the predominant MRSA isolated in the state. The objective of this st...

    Authors: Geoffrey W Coombs, Stefan Monecke, Julie C Pearson, Hui-leen Tan, Yi-Kong Chew, Lynne Wilson, Ralf Ehricht, Frances G O'Brien and Keryn J Christiansen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is frequently seen in immune suppressed patients, and resistance to one of the most widely used antifungals, fluconazole (FLC), can evolve rapidly. In recent years it has beco...

    Authors: Samantha J Hoot, Xiuzhong Zheng, Catherine J Potenski, Theodore C White and Hannah L Klein
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Bacteriophage lambda is a model phage for most other dsDNA phages and has been studied for over 60 years. Although it is probably the best-characterized phage there are still about 20 poorly understood open re...

    Authors: Seesandra V Rajagopala, Sherwood Casjens and Peter Uetz
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. During extreme physiological stress, the intestinal tract can be transformed into a harsh environment characterized by regio- spatial alterations in oxygen, pH, and phosphate concentration. When the human inte...

    Authors: Kathleen Romanowski, Alexander Zaborin, Hoylan Fernandez, Valeriy Poroyko, Vesta Valuckaite, Svetlana Gerdes, Donald C Liu, Olga Y Zaborina and John C Alverdy
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Filamentous M13 phage extrude from infected Escherichia coli with a tip structure composed of gp7 and gp9. This tip structure is extended by the assembly of the filament composed of the major coat protein gp8. Fi...

    Authors: Martin Ploss and Andreas Kuhn
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2017 17:180

  19. A substantial amount of data has been accumulated supporting the important role of genomic islands (GEIs) - including pathogenicity islands (PAIs) - in bacterial genome plasticity and the evolution of bacteria...

    Authors: György Schneider, Ulrich Dobrindt, Barbara Middendorf, Bianca Hochhut, Valéria Szijártó, Levente Emődy and Jörg Hacker
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The antifungal protein AFPNN5353 is a defensin-like protein of Aspergillus giganteus. It belongs to a group of secretory proteins with low molecular mass, cationic character and a high content of cysteine residue...

    Authors: Ulrike Binder, Mojca Bencina, Andrea Eigentler, Vera Meyer and Florentine Marx
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, contains a flp (fimbria like protein) operon that encodes proteins predicted to contribute to adherence and pathogenesis. H....

    Authors: Diane M Janowicz, Sean A Cooney, Jessica Walsh, Beth Baker, Barry P Katz, Kate R Fortney, Beth W Zwickl, Sheila Ellinger and Robert S Munson Jr
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) is one of the most popular and useful genetic markers for the genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), the protozoan that widely causes e...

    Authors: Suradej Siripattanapipong, Saovanee Leelayoova, Mathirut Mungthin, RC Andrew Thompson, Parima Boontanom, Wilai Saksirisampant and Peerapan Tan-ariya
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Type III secretion systems (T3SS) of bacterial pathogens coordinate effector protein injection into eukaryotic cells. The YscU/FlhB group of proteins comprises members associated with T3SS which undergo a spec...

    Authors: Jenny-Lee Thomassin, Xiang He and Nikhil A Thomas
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Cronobacter, formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a food-borne pathogen known to cause neonatal meningitis, septicaemia and death. Current diagnostic tests for identification of Cronobacter do not differe...

    Authors: Stephen E Hamby, Susan Joseph, Stephen J Forsythe and Nadia Chuzhanova
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Aspergillus terreus causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised individuals and can be the leading cause of IA in certain medical centers. We examined a large isolate collection (n = 117) for the pres...

    Authors: Carolyn OS Neal, Aaron O Richardson, Steven F Hurst, Anna Maria Tortorano, Maria Anna Viviani, David A Stevens and S Arunmozhi Balajee
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Many secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi have potent biological activities, to which the producer organism must be resistant. An example of pharmaceutical interest is mycophenolic acid (MPA), a...

    Authors: Bjarne G Hansen, Hans J Genee, Christian S Kaas, Jakob B Nielsen, Torsten B Regueira, Uffe H Mortensen, Jens C Frisvad and Kiran R Patil
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are associated with faecal pollution of water, linked to swimmer-associated gastroenteritis and demonstrate a wide range of antibiotic resistance. The Coomera River ...

    Authors: Irani Rathnayake, Megan Hargreaves and Flavia Huygens
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Since the first reported outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan, several mini outbreaks have erupted in the region. Dengue virus serotype 3 (DEN-3) was first documented in 2005 outbreak in Karachi. R...

    Authors: Zareen Fatima, Muhammad Idrees, Mohammad A Bajwa, Zarfishan Tahir, Obaid Ullah, Muhammad Q Zia, Abrar Hussain, Madiha Akram, Bushra Khubaib, Samia Afzal, Saira Munir, Sana Saleem, Bisma Rauff, Sadaf Badar, Mahrukh Naudhani, Sadia Butt…
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Staphylococcus aureus synthesizes two siderophores, staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B, that promote iron-restricted growth. Previous work on the biosynthesis of staphyloferrin B has focused on the role of the...

    Authors: Federico C Beasley, Johnson Cheung and David E Heinrichs
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Spore-forming Bacilli are Gram-positive bacteria commonly found in a variety of natural habitats, including soil, water and the gastro-intestinal (GI)-tract of animals. Isolates of various Bacillus species produc...

    Authors: Nicola Manzo, Enrica D'Apuzzo, Pedro M Coutinho, Simon M Cutting, Bernard Henrissat and Ezio Ricca
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) is the major causative agent of chronic active gastritis. The population of H. pylori shows a high genomic variability among isolates. And the polymorphism of repeat-units of genom...

    Authors: Chunliang Guo, Yaling Liao, Yan Li, Jun Duan, Ying Guo, Yuqian Wu, Yujun Cui, Hongwu Sun, Jinyong Zhang, Bing Chen, Quanming Zou and Gang Guo
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Escherichia coli synthesizes three anaerobically inducible [NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd). All three enzymes have a [NiFe]-cofactor in the large subunit and each enzyme also has an iron-sulfur-containing small subunit...

    Authors: Constanze Pinske and Gary Sawers
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Interest in phage therapy has grown over the past decade due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. However, the use of bacteriophages for therapeutic purposes has raised conce...

    Authors: Vivek Daniel Paul, Sudarson Sundarrajan, Sanjeev Saravanan Rajagopalan, Sukumar Hariharan, Nanjundappa Kempashanaiah, Sriram Padmanabhan, Bharathi Sriram and Janakiraman Ramachandran
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Ralstonia pickettii is a nosocomial infectious agent and a significant industrial contaminant. It has been found in many different environments including clinical situations, soil and industrial High Purity Water...

    Authors: Michael P Ryan, J Tony Pembroke and Catherine C Adley
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Studies have suggested that demographic and lifestyle factors could shape the composition of fecal microbiota in early life. This study evaluated infant stool microbiota signatures in two Asian populations, Si...

    Authors: Gaik Chin Yap, Kok Keong Chee, Pei-Ying Hong, Christophe Lay, Cahya D Satria, Sumadiono, Yati Soenarto, Ekawaty L Haksari, Marion Aw, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Kaw Yan Chua, Yudong Zhao, Doreen Leow and Bee Wah Lee
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Frankia sp. strains are actinobacteria that form N2-fixing root nodules on angiosperms. Several reference genome sequences are available enabling transcriptome studies in Frankia sp. Genomes from Frankia sp. stra...

    Authors: Derek M Bickhart and David R Benson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Antibiotics which inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis are the most widely used in current clinical practice. Nevertheless, resistant strains increase dramatically, with serious economic impact and eff...

    Authors: Rebeca Santiso, María Tamayo, Jaime Gosálvez, Germán Bou, María del Carmen Fernández and José Luis Fernández
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:191
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  39. The yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is one of the most promising and economically attractive natural sources of astaxanthin. The biosynthesis of this valuable carotenoid is a complex process for which the reg...

    Authors: Andrés Marcoleta, Mauricio Niklitschek, Aniela Wozniak, Carla Lozano, Jennifer Alcaíno, Marcelo Baeza and Víctor Cifuentes
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Bacterial DNA replication restart pathways facilitate reinitiation of DNA replication following disruptive encounters of a replisome with DNA damage, thereby allowing complete and faithful duplication of the g...

    Authors: Cui Feng, Bharath Sunchu, Mallory E Greenwood and Matthew E Lopper
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. Currently, there is considerable interest in the immunology of PCV2; in particular, the immunolog...

    Authors: Li P Huang, Yue H Lu, Yan W Wei, Long J Guo and Chang M Liu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In the EU conventional cages for laying hens are forbidden beginning in January 2012, however concerns about a higher transmission rate of Salmonella in alternative cages systems have been raised. The extent to w...

    Authors: Steen Nordentoft, Lars Mølbak, Lotte Bjerrum, Jantina De Vylder, Filip Van Immerseel and Karl Pedersen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Histophilus somni, a gram-negative coccobacillus, is an obligate inhabitant of bovine and ovine mucosal surfaces, and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for respiratory disease and other systemic infections in...

    Authors: Indra Sandal, Thomas J Inzana, Antonio Molinaro, Christina De Castro, Jian Q Shao, Michael A Apicella, Andrew D Cox, Frank St Michael and Gretchen Berg
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Bacteria employ a variety of adaptation strategies during the course of chronic infections. Understanding bacterial adaptation can facilitate the identification of novel drug targets for better treatment of in...

    Authors: Lei Yang, Martin Holm Rau, Liang Yang, Niels Høiby, Søren Molin and Lars Jelsbak
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prior studies have shown that H....

    Authors: Timothy F Murphy and Aimee L Brauer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Moraxella catarrhalis, a major nasopharyngeal pathogen of the human respiratory tract, is exposed to rapid downshifts of environmental temperature when humans breathe cold air. It was previously shown that the pr...

    Authors: Violeta Spaniol, Rolf Troller, André Schaller and Christoph Aebi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The appearance of plaques on a bacterial lawn is one of the enduring imageries in modern day biology. The seeming simplicity of a plaque has invited many hypotheses and models in trying to describe and explain...

    Authors: Romain Gallet, Sherin Kannoly and Ing-Nang Wang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Candida parapsilosis is frequently isolated from hospital environments, like air and surfaces, and causes serious nosocomial infections. Molecular studies provided evidence of great genetic diversity within the C...

    Authors: Raquel Sabino, Paula Sampaio, Catarina Carneiro, Laura Rosado and Célia Pais
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. A number of studies have revealed that Francisella tularensis (FT) suppresses innate immune responses such as chemokine/cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment in the lungs following pulmonary infection vi...

    Authors: Himangi R Jayakar, Jyothi Parvathareddy, Elizabeth A Fitzpatrick, Xiaowen R Bina, James E Bina, Fabio Re, Felicia D Emery and Mark A Miller
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2011 11:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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