McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI: Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2005, 18 (5): 376-386. 10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palaniappan RU, Ramanujam S, Chang YF: Leptospirosis: pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007, 20 (3): 284-292. 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32814a5729.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lindenstrøm T, Agger EM, Korsholm KS, Darrah PA, Aagaard C, Seder RA, Rosenkrands I, Andersen P: Tuberculosis subunit vaccination provides long-term protective immunity characterized by multifunctional CD4 memory T cells. J Immunol. 2009, 182 (12): 8047-8055. 10.4049/jimmunol.0801592.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naiman BM, Alt D, Bolin CA, Zuerner R, Baldwin C: Protective killed Leptospira borgpetersenii vaccine induces potent Th1 immunity comprising responses by CD4 and gammadelta T lymphocytes. Infect Immun. 2001, 69: 7550-7558. 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Srinivasan A, Nanton M, Griffin A, McSorley SJ: Culling of activated CD4 T cells during typhoid is driven by Salmonella virulence genes. J Immunol. 2009, 182 (12): 7838-7845. 10.4049/jimmunol.0900382.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P: Pathogenesis, virulence, immunity. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. 1999, MediSci, Melbourne, Vic. Australia, 73-91. 2
Google Scholar
Nascimento AL, Ko AI, Martins EA, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Ho PL, Haake DA, Verjovski-Almeida S, Hartskeerl RA, Marques MV, Oliveira MC, Menck CF, Leite LC, Carrer H, Coutinho LL, Degrave WM, Dellagostin OA, El-Dorry H, Ferro ES, Ferro MI, Furlan LR, Gamberini M, Giglioti EA, Góes-Neto A, Goldman GH, Goldman MH, Harakava R, Jerônimo SM, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Kimura ET, Kuramae EE, Lemos EG, Lemos MV, Marino CL, Nunes LR, de Oliveira RC, Pereira GG, Reis MS, Schriefer A, Siqueira WJ, Sommer P, Tsai SM, Simpson AJ, Ferro JA, Camargo LE, Kitajima JP, Setubal JC, Van Sluys MA: Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis. J Bacteriol. 2004, 186 (7): 2164-2172. 10.1128/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, Zhang YX, Xiong H, Lu G, Lu LF, Jiang HQ, Jia J, Tu YF, Jiang JX, Gu WY, Zhang YQ, Cai Z, Sheng HH, Yin HF, Zhang Y, Zhu GF, Wan M, Huang HL, Qian Z, Wang SY, Ma W, Yao ZJ, Shen Y, Qiang BQ, Xia QC, Guo XK, Danchin A, Saint Girons I, Somerville RL, Wen YM, Shi MH, Chen Z, Xu JG, Zhao GP: Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2003, 422 (6934): 888-893. 10.1038/nature01597.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Wilson P, Seemann T, McGrath A, Cullen PA, Davis J, Johnson M, Kuczek E, Alt DP, Peterson-Burch B, Coppel RL, Rood JI, Davies JK, Adler B: Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (39): 14560-14565. 10.1073/pnas.0603979103.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, Creno S, Kuczek ES, Bommezzadri S, Davis JC, McGrath A, Johnson MJ, Boursaux-Eude C, Seemann T, Rouy Z, Coppel RL, Rood JI, Lajus A, Davies JK, Médigue C, Adler B: Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS One. 2008, 3 (2): e1607-10.1371/journal.pone.0001607.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cullen PA, Haake DA, Adler B: Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004, 28 (3): 291-318. 10.1016/j.femsre.2003.10.004.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haake DA, Champion CI, Martinich C, Shang ES, Blanco DR, Miller JN, Lovett MA: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding OmpL1, a transmembrane outer membrane protein of pathogenic Leptospira spp. J Bacteriol. 1993, 175 (13): 4225-4234.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shang ES, Summers TA, Haake DA: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding LipL41, a surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic Leptospira species. Infect Immun. 1996, 64 (6): 2322-2330.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dong H, Hu Y, Xue F, Sun D, Ojcius DM, Mao Y, Yan J: Characterization of the ompL1 gene of pathogenic Leptospira species in China and cross-immunogenicity of the OmpL1 protein. BMC Microbiol. 2008, 8: 223-10.1186/1471-2180-8-223.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guerreiro H, Croda J, Flannery B, Mazel M, Matsunaga J, Galvão Reis M, Levett PN, Ko AI, Haake DA: Leptospiral proteins recognized during the humoral immune response to leptospirosis in humans. Infect Immun. 2001, 69 (8): 4958-4968. 10.1128/IAI.69.8.4958-4968.2001.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haake DA, Mazel MK, McCoy AM, Milward F, Chao G, Matsunaga J, Wagar EA: Leptospiral outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 exhibit synergistic immunoprotection. Infect Immun. 1999, 67 (12): 6572-6582.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ding W, Yan J, Mao YF: Genotyping of LipL41 genes from Leptospira interrogans serogroups and immunological identification of the expression products. Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 2004, 24 (11): 859-865.
CAS
Google Scholar
Xu Y, Yan J, Mao YF, Li LW, Li SP: Genotypes of the OmpL1 gene from the dominant serogroups of Leptospira interrogans in China and construction of prokaryotic expression system of the gene and immunological identification of the recombinant protein. Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 2004, 24 (6): 439-444.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lin X, Chen Y, Yan J: Recombinant multiepitope protein for diagnosis of leptospirosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008, 15 (11): 1711-1714. 10.1128/CVI.00189-08.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Singh H, Raghava GPS: ProPred: Prediction of HLA-DR binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2001, 17 (12): 1236-1237. 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1236.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lin X, Chen Y, Lu Y, Yan J, Yan J: Application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009, 63 (3): 237-242. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.012.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lin X, Zhao J, Qian J, Mao Y, Pan J, Li L, Peng H, Luo Y, Yan J: Identification of immunodominant B- and T-cell combined epitopes in outer membrane lipoproteins LipL32 and LipL21 of Leptospira interrogans. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010, 17 (5): 778-783. 10.1128/CVI.00405-09.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Day LA: Conformations of single-stranded DNA and coat protein in fd bacteriophage as revealed by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. J Mol Biol. 1969, 39 (2): 265-277. 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90316-7.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dutta TK, Christopher M: Leptospirosis-an overview. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005, 53: 545-551.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Barocchi MA, Ko AI, Reis MG, McDonald KL, Riley LW: Rapid translocation of polarized MDCK cell monolayers by leptospira ubterrigabs, an invasive but nonintracellular pathogen. Infect Immun. 2002, 70 (12): 6926-6932. 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6926-6932.2002.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jin D, Ojcius DM, Sun D, Dong H, Luo Y, Mao Y, Yan J: Leptospira interrogans induces apoptosis in macrophages via caspase-8- and caspase-3 dependent pathways. Infect Immun. 2009, 77 (2): 799-809. 10.1128/IAI.00914-08.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gordon PJ: Control of leptospirosis by vaccination. Vet Rec. 2002, 150 (13): 420-
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang Z, Jin L, Wegrzyn A: Leptospirosis vaccines. Microb Cell Fact. 2007, 6 (1): 39-10.1186/1475-2859-6-39.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thongboonkerd V: Proteomics in leptospirosis research: towards molecular diagnostics and vaccine development. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2008, 8 (1): 53-61. 10.1586/14737159.8.1.53.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Sonrier C, Branger C, Michel V, Ruvoen-Clouet N, Ganiere JP, Andre-Fontaine G: Evidence of crossprotection within Leptospira interrogans in an experimental model. Vaccine. 2000, 19 (1): 86-94. 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00129-8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Goldsby R, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA, Janis K: Antigens. Immunology. 2003, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 57-75. 5
Google Scholar
Wang LF, Yu M: Epitope identification and discovery using phage display libraries: applications in vaccine development and diagnostics. Curr Drug Targets. 2004, 5 (1): 1-15. 10.2174/1389450043490668.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conway JF, Watts NR, Belnap DM, Cheng N, Stahl SJ, Wingfield PT, Steven AC: Characterization of a conformational epitope on hepatitis B virus core antigen and quasiequivalent variations in antibody binding. J Virol. 2003, 77 (11): 6466-6473. 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6466-6473.2003.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Malm M, Rollman E, Ustav M, Hinkula J, Krohn K, Wahren B, Blazevic V: Cross-clade protection induced by human immunodeficiency virus-1 DNA immunogens expressing consensus sequences of multiple genes and epitopes from subtypes A, B, C, and FGH. Viral Immunol. 2005, 18 (4): 678-688. 10.1089/vim.2005.18.678.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Fonseca CT, Cunha-Neto E, Kalil J, Jesus AR, Correa-Oliveira R, Carvalho EM, Oliveira SC: Identification of immunodominant epitopes of Schistosoma mansoni vaccine candidate antigens using human T cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004, 99 (5 Suppl 1): 63-66.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Iwai LK, Yoshida M, Sidney J, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Goldberg AC, Juliano MA, Hammer J, Juliano L, Sette A, Kalil J, Travassos LR, Cunha-Neto E: In silico prediction of peptides binding to multiple HLA-DR molecules accurately identifies immunodominant epitopes from gp43 of Paraccocidioides brazilienses frequently recognized in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses from sensitized individuals. Mol Med. 2003, 9 (9-12): 209-219.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Panigada M, Sturniolo T, Besozzi G, Boccieri MG, Sinigaglia F, Grassi GG, Grassi F: Identification of a promiscuous T cell epitope in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce proteins. Infect Immun. 2002, 70 (1): 79-85. 10.1128/IAI.70.1.79-85.2002.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rowley MJ, O'Connor K, Wijeyewickrema L: Phage display for epitope determination: a paradigm for identifying receptor-ligand interactions. Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2004, 10: 151-188. full_text.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gershoni JM, Roitburd-Berman A, Siman-Tov DD, Tarnovitski Freund N, Weiss Y: Epitope mapping: the first step in developing epitope-based vaccines. BioDrugs. 2007, 21 (3): 145-156. 10.2165/00063030-200721030-00002.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chinen J, Shearer WT: Basic and clinical immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 116 (2): 411-418. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.010.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Haque A, Blum JS: New insights in antigen processing and epitope selection: development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2005, 19 (3-4): 93-104.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA: Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2004, 75 (2): 163-189. 10.1189/jlb.0603252.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kita M: Role of IFN-gamma in nonviral infection. Nippon Rinsho. 2006, 64 (7): 1269-1274.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhou L, Chong MM, Littman DR: Plasticity of CD4+ T cell lineage differentiation. Immunity. 2009, 30 (5): 646-655. 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.05.001.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Vernel-Pauillac F, Merien F: Proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine mRNA time course profiles in hamsters infected with a virulent variant of Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun. 2006, 74 (7): 4172-4179. 10.1128/IAI.00447-06.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar