Brueggemann AB, Peto TE, Crook DW, Butler JC, Kristinsson KG, Spratt BG. Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. J Infect Dis. 2004;190(7):1203–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Croucher NJ, Lochen A, Bentley SD. Pneumococcal vaccines: host interactions, population dynamics, and design principles. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2018;72:521–49.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Geno KA, Gilbert GL, Song JY, Skovsted IC, Klugman KP, Jones C, et al. Pneumococcal capsules and their types: past, present, and future. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(3):871–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sandgren A, Sjöström K, Olsson-Liljequist B, Christensson B, Samuelsson A, Kronvall G. Effect of clonal and serotype-specific properties on the invasive capacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:785–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kronenberg A, Zucs P, Droz S, Muhlemann K. Distribution and invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Switzerland, a country with low antibiotic selection pressure, from 2001 to 2004. J Clin Micro. 2006;44:2032–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Balsells E, Dagan R, Yildirim I, Gounder PP, Steens A, Munoz-Almagro C, et al. The relative invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children after PCV introduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2018.
Sjöström K, Spindler C, Ortqvist A, Kalin M, Sandgren A, Kühlmann-Berenzon S, et al. Clonal and capsular types decide whether pneumococci will act as a primary or opportunistic pathogen. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:451–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grabenstein JD, Musey LK. Differences in serious clinical outcomes of infection caused by specific pneumococcal serotypes among adults. Vaccine. 2014;32(21):2399–405.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen C, Naidoo N, Meiring S, de Gouveia L, von Mollendorf C, Walaza S, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes and Mortality in Adults and Adolescents in South Africa: Analysis of National Surveillance Data, 2003–2008. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140185.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jansen AG, Rodenburg GD, van der Ende A, van Alphen L, Veenhoven RH, Spanjaard L, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among adults: associations among serotypes, disease characteristics, and outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(2):e23–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grabenstein JD. Effectiveness and serotype coverage: key criteria for pneumococcal vaccines for adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(2):255–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grabenstein JD, Weber DJ. Pneumococcal serotype diversity among adults in various countries, influenced by pediatric pneumococcal vaccination uptake. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(6):854–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fedson DS, Nicolas-Spony L, Klemets P, van der Linden M, Marques A, Salleras L, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination for adults: new perspectives for Europe. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011;10(8):1143–67.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Magee AD, Yother J. Requirement for capsule in colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2001;69(6):3755–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Regev-Yochay G, Trzcinski K, Thompson C, Lipsitch M, Malley R. SpxB is a suicide gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae and confers a selective advantage in an in vivo competitive colonization model. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:6532–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harboe ZB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, Valentiner-Branth P, Christensen JJ, Lambertsen L, et al. Pneumococcal serotypes and mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 2009;6(5):e1000081.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ruckinger S, von Kries R, Siedler A, van der Linden M. Association of serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae with risk of severe and fatal outcome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(2):118–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martens P, Worm SW, Lundgren B, Konradsen HB, Benfield T. Serotype-specific mortality from invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease revisited. BMC Infect Dis. 2004;4:21.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cruickshank R. Pneumococcal infections. Lancet. 1933;221(5717):621–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Mac LC, Kraus MR. Relation of virulence of pneumococcal strains for mice to the quantity of capsular polysaccharide formed in vitro. J Exp Med. 1950;92(1):1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Hathaway LJ, Battig P, Muhlemann K. In vitro expression of the first capsule gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae, cpsA, is associated with serotype-specific colonization prevalence and invasiveness. Microbiology. 2007;153(Pt 8):2465–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lewis K. Programmed death in bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000;64(3):503.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yildirim I, Hanage WP, Lipsitch M, Shea KM, Stevenson A, Finkelstein J, et al. Serotype specific invasive capacity and persistent reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease. Vaccine. 2010;29(2):283–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wall E, Guerra-Assunção JA, Pollara G, Venturini C, Mlowzowa V, Allain T, et al Cerebrospinal fluid transcriptional analyses reveals upregulation of IL-17, Type 1 interferon transcriptional pathways and neutrophil persistence genes associated with increased mortality from pneumococcal meningitis in adults. 2018.
Wall EC, Gordon SB, Hussain S, Goonetilleke UR, Gritzfeld J, Scarborough M, et al. Persistence of pneumolysin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with pneumococcal meningitis is associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(5):701–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Roine I, Pelkonen T, Lauhio A, Lappalainen M, Cruzeiro ML, Bernardino L, et al. Changes in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after 1 week of treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(7):2340–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Grandgirard D, Gaumann R, Coulibaly B, Dangy JP, Sie A, Junghanss T, et al. The causative pathogen determines the inflammatory profile in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome in patients with bacterial meningitis. Mediat Inflamm. 2013;2013:312476.
Article
Google Scholar
Hathaway LJ, Grandgirard D, Valente LG, Tauber MG, Leib SL. Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule determines disease severity in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Open Biol. 2016;6(3).
Hathaway L, Brugger S, Morand B, Bangert M, Rotzetter J, Hauser C, et al. Capsule type of Streptococcus pneumoniae determines growth phenotype. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8:e1002574.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Agbayani MM, Braun J, Chang CT, Glass L, Evans HE. Effect of CSF on bacterial growth. Arch Neurol. 1981;38(1):43–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Regev-Yochay G, Trzcinski K, Thompson CM, Lipsitch M, Malley R. SpxB is a suicide gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae and confers a selective advantage in an in vivo competitive colonization model. J Bacteriol. 2007;189(18):6532–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lopez R, Garcia E. Recent trends on the molecular biology of pneumococcal capsules, lytic enzymes, and bacteriophage. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004;28(5):553–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ndlangisa K, du Plessis M, Allam M, Wolter N, de Gouveia L, Klugman KP, et al. Invasive Disease Caused Simultaneously by Dual Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(1).
Scott JR, Hinds J, Gould KA, Millar EV, Reid R, Santosham M, et al. Nontypeable pneumococcal isolates among navajo and white mountain apache communities: are these really a cause of invasive disease? J Infect Dis. 2012;206(1):73–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salter S, Hinds J, Gould K, Lambertsen L, Hanage W, Antonio M, et al. Variation at the capsule locus, cps, of mistyped and non-typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Microbiology. 2012;158:1560–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Molzen TE, Burghout P, Bootsma HJ, Brandt CT, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Eleveld MJ, et al. Genome-wide identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae genes essential for bacterial replication during experimental meningitis. Infect Immun. 2011;79(1):288–97.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamaguchi S, Zafar MA, Cammer M, Weiser JN. Capsule prolongs survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae during starvation. Infect Immun. 2018.
Muhlemann K, Matter HC, Tauber MG, Bodmer T, Sentinel WG. Nationwide surveillance of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory infection, Switzerland, 1998-1999. J Infect Dis. 2003;187(4):589–96.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brewster JD. A simple micro-growth assay for enumerating bacteria. J Microbiol Methods. 2003;53(1):77–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schaffner T, Hinds J, Gould K, Wüthrich D, Bruggmann R, Küffer M, et al. A point mutation in cpsE renders Streptococcus pneumoniae nonencapsulated and enhances its growth, adherence and competence. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:210–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR. Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. Mol Microbiol. 2004;52(1):13–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar