Spaargaren J, Verhaest I, Mooij S, Smit C, Fennema HS, Coutinho RA, Salvador Pena A, Morre SA: Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis. serovar distribution changes in the Netherlands (1986–2002). Sex Transm Infect. 2004, 80: 151-152. 10.1136/sti.2003.006395.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang SP, Kuo CC, Barnes RC, Stephens RS, Grayston JT: Immunotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis with monoclonal antibodies. J Infect Dis. 1985, 152: 791-800.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ossewaarde JM, Rieffe M, de Vries A, Derksen-Nawrocki RP, Hooft HJ, van Doornum GJ, van Loon AM: Comparison of two panels of monoclonal antibodies for determination of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars. J Clin Microbiol. 1994, 32: 2968-2974.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frost EH, Deslandes S, Veilleux S, Bourgaux-Ramoisy D: Typing Chlamydia trachomatis by detection of restriction fragment length polymorphism in the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein. J Infect Dis. 1991, 163: 1103-1107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sayada C, Denamur E, Orfila J, Catalan F, Elion J: Rapid genotyping of the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein by the polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1991, 67: 73-78. 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04392.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodriguez P, Vekris A, de Barbeyrac B, Dutilh B, Bonnet J, Bebear C: Typing of Chlamydia trachomatis by restriction endonuclease analysis of the amplified major outer membrane protein gene. J Clin Microbiol. 1991, 29: 1132-1136.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuo CC, Jackson LA, Campbell LA, Grayston JT: Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR). Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995, 8: 451-461.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campbell LA, Kuo CC: Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. Semin Respir Infect. 2003, 18: 48-54. 10.1053/srin.2003.50006.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mussa FF, Chai H, Wang X, Yao Q, Lumsden AB, Chen C: Chlamydia pneumoniae and vascular disease : an update. J Vasc Surg. 2006, 43: 1301-7. 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.02.050.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grayston JT: Background and current knowledge of Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. J Infect Dis. 2000, 181: S402-S410. 10.1086/315596.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Everett KDE, Bush RM, Andersen AA: Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of ParaChlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999, 49: 415-440.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bush RM, Everett KD: Molecular evolution of the Chlamydiaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2001, 51: 203-220.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herrmann B, Pettersson B, Everett KD, Mikkelsen NE, Kirsebom LA: Characterization of the rnpB gene and RNase P RNA in the order Chlamydiales. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2000, 50: 149-58.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gomes JP, Bruno WJ, Nunes A, Santos N, Florindo C, Borrego MJ, Dean D: Evolution of Chlamydia trachomatis diversity occurs by widespread interstrain recombination involving hotspots. Genome Res. 2007, 17: 50-60. 10.1101/gr.5674706.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brunelle BW, Sensabaugh GF: The ompA gene in Chlamydia trachomatis differs in phylogeny and rate of evolution from other regions of the genome. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 578-585. 10.1128/IAI.74.1.578-585.2006.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maiden MCJ: Multilocus sequence typing of bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006, 60: 561-588. 10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121325.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maiden MC, Bygraves JA, Feil E, Morelli G, Russell JE, Urwin R, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zurth K, Caugant DA, Feavers IM, Achtman M, Spratt BG: Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 3140-3145. 10.1073/pnas.95.6.3140.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Enright MC, Spratt BG: A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae : identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology. 1998, 144: 3049-60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gevers D, Cohan FM, Lawrence JG, Spratt BG, Coenye T, Feil EJ, Stackebrandt E, Van de Peer Y, Vandamme P, Thompson FL, Swings J: Opinion: Re-evaluating prokaryotic species. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005, 3: 733-739. 10.1038/nrmicro1236.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanage WP, Spratt BG, Turner KM, Fraser C: Modelling bacterial speciation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006, 361: 2039-2044. 10.1098/rstb.2006.1926.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klint M, Fuxelius HH, Goldkuhl RR, Skarin H, Rutemark C, Andersson SG, Persson K, Herrmann B: High-Resolution Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis Strains by Multilocus Sequence Analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 1410-1414. 10.1128/JCM.02301-06.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Achtman M, Zurth K, Morelli G, Torrea G, Guiyoule A, Carniel E: Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 14043-14048. 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Achtman M: Population structure of pathogenic bacteria revisited. Int J Med Microbiol. 2004, 294: 67-73. 10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.06.028.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Achtman M, Morelli G, Zhu P, Wirth T, Diehl I, Kusecek B, Vogler AJ, Wagner DM, Allender CJ, Easterday WR, Chenal-Francisque V, Worsham P, Thomson NR, Parkhill J, Lindler LE, Carniel E, Keim P: Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101: 17837-17842. 10.1073/pnas.0408026101.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sreevatsan S, Pan X, Stockbauer KE, Connell ND, Kreiswirth BN, Whittam TS, Musser JM: Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94: 9869-9874. 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9869.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rattei T, Ott S, Gutacker M, Rupp J, Maass M, Schreiber S, Solbach W, Wirth T, Gieffers J: Genetic diversity of the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydophila pneumoniae by genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms : evidence for highly clonal population structure. BMC Genomics. 2007, 8: 355-346. 10.1186/1471-2164-8-355.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gomes JP, Nunes A, Bruno WJ, Borrego MJ, Florindo C, Dean D: Polymorphisms in the nine polymorphic membrane proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis across all serovars: evidence for serovar Da recombination and correlation with tissue tropism. J Bacteriol. 2006, 188: 275-286. 10.1128/JB.188.1.275-286.2006.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brunham R, Yang C, Maclean I, Kimani J, Maitha G, Plummer F: Chlamydia trachomatis from individuals in a sexually transmitted disease core group exhibit frequent sequence variation in the major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene. J Clin Invest. 1994, 94: 458-463. 10.1172/JCI117347.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Millman KL, Tavare S, Dean D: Recombination in the ompA gene but not the omcB gene of Chlamydia contributes to serovar-specific differences in tissue tropism, immune surveillance, and persistence of the organism. J Bacteriol. 2001, 183: 5997-6008. 10.1128/JB.183.20.5997-6008.2001.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayes LJ, Yearsley P, Treharne JD, Ballard RA, Fehler GH, Ward ME: Evidence for naturally occurring recombination in the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein of lymphogranuloma venereum isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun. 1994, 62: 5659-5663.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pannekoek Y, van der Ende A, Eijk PP, van Marle J, de Witte MA, Ossewaarde JM, van den Brule AJ, Morre SA, Dankert J: Normal IncA expression and fusogenicity of inclusions in Chlamydia trachomatis isolates with the incA I47T mutation. Infect Immun. 2001, 69: 4654-4656. 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4654-4656.2001.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lan J, Walboomers JM, Roosendaal R, van Doornum GJ, MacLaren DM, Meijer CJ, van den Brule AJ: Direct detection and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical scrapes by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 1993, 31: 1060-1065.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meijer A, Morre SA, van den Brule AJ, Savelkoul PH, Ossewaarde JM: Genomic relatedness of Chlamydia isolates determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Bacteriol. 1999, 181: 4469-4475.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jurstrand M, Falk L, Fredlund H, Lindberg M, Olcén P, Andersson S, Persson K, Albert J, Bäckman A: Characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis omp1 genotypes among sexually transmitted disease patients in Sweden. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39: 3915-3919. 10.1128/JCM.39.11.3915-3919.2001.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morré SA, Moes R, Van Valkengoed I, Boeke JP, van Eijk JT, Meijer CJ, Van den Brule AJ: Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens will facilitate large epidemiological studies. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 36: 3077-3078.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stephens RS, Kalman S, Lammel CJ, Fan J, Marathe R, Aravind L, Mitchell WP, Olinger L, Tatusov RL, Zhao Q, Koonin EV, Davis RW: Genome sequence of an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans: Chlamydia trachomatis. Science. 1998, 282: 754-759. 10.1126/science.282.5389.754.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carlson JH, Porcella SF, McClarty G, Caldwell HD: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Oculotropic and Genitotropic Strains. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 6407-6418. 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6407-6418.2005.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalman S, Mitchell W, Marathe R, Lammel C, Fan J, Hyman RW, Olinger L, Grimwood J, Davis RW, Stephens RS: Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. Nat Genet. 1999, 21: 385-389. 10.1038/7716.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read T, Brunham R, Shen C, Gill S, Heidelberg J, White O, Hickey E, Peterson J, Utterback T, Berry K, Bass S, Linher K, Weidman J, Khouri H, Craven B, Bowman C, Dodson R, Gwinn M, Nelson W, DeBoy R, Kolonay J, McClarty G, Salzberg S, Eisen J, Fraser C: Genome sequences of Chlamydia trachomatis MoPn and Chlamydia pneumoniae AR39. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000, 28: 1397-1406. 10.1093/nar/28.6.1397.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shirai M, Hirakawa H, Kimoto M, Tabuchi M, Kishi F, Ouchi K, Shiba T, Ishii K, Hattori M, Kuhara S, Nakazawa T: Comparison of whole genome sequences of Chlamydia pneumoniae J138 from Japan and CWL029 from USA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000, 28: 2311-23144. 10.1093/nar/28.12.2311.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomson NR, Yeats C, Bell K, Holden MT, Bentley SD, Livingstone M, Cerdeno-Tarraga AM, Harris B, Doggett J, Ormond D, Mungall K, Clarke K, Feltwell T, Hance Z, Sanders M, Quail MA, Price C, Barrell BG, Parkhill J, Longbottom D: The Chlamydophila abortus genome sequence reveals an array of variable proteins that contribute to interspecies variation. Genome Res. 2005, 15: 629-640. 10.1101/gr.3684805.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read TD, Myers GS, Brunham RC, Nelson WC, Paulsen IT, Heidelberg J, Holtzapple E, Khouri H, Federova NB, Carty HA, Umayam LA, Haft DH, Peterson J, Beanan MJ, White O, Salzberg SL, Hsia RC, McClarty G, Rank RG, Bavoil PM, Fraser CM: Genome sequence of Chlamydophila caviae (Chlamydia psittaci GPIC):examining the role of niche-specific genes in the evolution of the Chlamydiaceae. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31: 2134-2147. 10.1093/nar/gkg321.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Azuma Y, Hirakawa H, Yamashita A, Cai Y, Rahman MA, Suzuki H, Mitaku S, Toh H, Goto S, Murakami T, Sugi K, Hayashi H, Fukushi H, Hattori M, Kuhara S, Shirai M: Genome sequence of the cat pathogen, Chlamydophila felis. DNA Res. 2006, 13: 15-23. 10.1093/dnares/dsi027.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boom R, Sol CJ, Salimans MM, Jansen CL, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van der Noordaa J: Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J Clin Microbiol. 1990, 28: 495-503.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rozas J, Sanches-DelBarrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R: DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics. 2003, 19: 2496-2497. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg359.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
[http://pubmlst.org/analysis/]
Feil EJ, Li BC, Aanensen DM, Hanage WP, Spratt BG: eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data. J Bacteriol. 2004, 186: 1518-1530. 10.1128/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spratt BG, Hanage WP, Li B, Aanensen DM, Feil EJ: Displaying the relatedness among isolates of bacterial species – the eBURST approach. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004, 241: 129-134. 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huson DH, Bryant D: Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol Biol Evol. 2006, 23: 254-267. 10.1093/molbev/msj030.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M: MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2004, 5: 150-163. 10.1093/bib/5.2.150.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
[http://www.noe-epg.uni-wuerzburg.de]