Determining resistance to | Target gene | Primer sequence (5’→3’) | Amplicon size (bp) | Annealing temperature (°C) | Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tetracyclines | tetM | GTG GAC AAA GGT ACA ACG AG CGG TAA AGT TCG TCA CAC AC | 406 | 60.5 | [28] | ||||
tetK | GAT CAA TTG TAG CTT TAG GTG AAG G TTT TGT TGA TTT ACC AGG TAC CAT T | 155 | 60.5 | ||||||
tetL | TGG TGG AAT GAT AGC CCA TT CAG GAA TGA CAG CAC GCT AA | 229 | 60.5 | ||||||
tetO | AAC TTA GGC ATT CTG GCT CAC TCC CAC TGT TCC ATA TCG TCA | 515 | 60.5 | ||||||
tetW | GAG AGC CTG CTA TAT GCC AGC GGG CGT ATC CAC AAT GTT AAC | 168 | 60.5 | [29] | |||||
Macrolides and lincosamides | ermA | CCC GAA AAA TAC GCA AAA TTT CAT CCC TGT TTA CCC ATT TAT AAA CG | 590 | 60.5 | [28] | ||||
ermB | TGG TAT TCC AAA TGC GTA ATG CTG TGG TAT GGC GGG TAA GT | 745 | 60.5 | ||||||
mefA/E | CAA TAT GGG CAG GGC AAG AAG CTG TTC CAA TGC TAC GC | 317 | 60.5 | ||||||
ermC | AAT CGT CAA TTC CTG CAT GT TAA TCG TGG AAT ACG GGT TTG | 299 | 60.5 | [30] | |||||
lnuA | GGT GGC TGG GGG GTA GAT GTA TTA ACT GG GCT TCT TTT GAA ATA CAT GGT ATT TTT CGA TC | 323 | 60.5 | [29] | |||||
Aminoglycosides | aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia | CAG AGC CTT GGG AAG ATG AAG CCT CGT GTA ATT CAT GTT CTG GC | 348 | 57 | [31] | ||||
aph3IIIa | GGC TAA AAT GAG AAT ATC ACC GG CTT TAA AAA ATC ATA CAG CTC GCG | 523 | 57 | ||||||
ant(4)-Ia | CAA ACT GCT AAA TCG GTA GAA GCC GGA AAG TTG ACC AGA CAT TAC GAA CT | 294 | 57 | ||||||
aph(2”)-Ic | CCA CAA TGA TAA TGA CTC AGT TCC C CCA CAG CTT CCG ATA GCA AGA G | 444 | 57 | ||||||
aph(2”)-Id | GTG GTT TTT ACA GGA ATG CCA TC CCC TCT TCA TAC CAA TCC ATA TAA CC | 641 | 57 | ||||||
ant(6)-Ia | CGG GAG AAT GGG AGA CTT TG CTG TGG CTC CAC AAT CTG AT | 563 | 57 | [32] | |||||
aac(6’)-Ii | TGG CCG GAA GAA TAT GGA GA GCA TTT GGT AAG ACA CCT ACG | 410 | 57 | ||||||
aadE | ATG GAA TTA TTC CCA CCT GA TCA AAA CCC CTA TTA AAG CC | 1060 | 51 | [33] | |||||
Penicillins | blaZ | ACT TCA ACA CCT GCT GCT TTC TAG GTT CAG ATT GGC CCT TAG | 240 | 60.5 | [34] | ||||
mecA | AGT TCT GCA GTA CCG GAT TTG C AAA ATC GAT GGT AAA GGT TGG C | 533 | 57 | [35] | |||||
int-Tn (Tn916/ Tn1545) | GCG TGA TTG TAT CTC ACT GAC GCT CCT GTT GCT TCT | 1028 | 57 | [36] | |||||
bla | CAT ART TCC GAT AAT ASM GCC CGT STT TAA CTA AGT ATS GY | 297 | 51 | [34] | |||||
Vancomycin | vanE | TGT GGT ATC GGA GCT GCA G GTC GAT TCT CGC TAA TCC | 513 | 51 | [29] | ||||
Trimethoprim | dfrA | CTT TTC TAC GCA CTA AAT GTA AG CAT TAT CAA TAA TTG TCG CTC AC | 474 | 51 | [37] | ||||
dfrD | GGA AGG GCT TTA CCT GAC AGA AG CGA CAT AAG GCA AGA ACA TAA CAT A | 175 | 51 | [37] | |||||
Ciprofloxacin | parC | TAT TCY AAA TAY ATC ATT CAR GA GCY TCN GTA TAA CGC ATM GCC G | 286 | 51 | [34] |