Guarner F, Bourdet-Sicard R, Brandtzaeg P, Gill HS, McGuirk P, Van Eden W, Versalovic J, Weinstock JV, Rook GA. Mechanisms of disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;3:275.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16:143.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prescott SL, Larcombe D-L, Logan AC, West C, Burks W, Caraballo L, Levin M, Van Etten E, Horwitz P, Kozyrskyj A. The skin microbiome: impact of modern environments on skin ecology, barrier integrity, and systemic immune programming. World Allergy Org J. 2017;10:29.
Article
Google Scholar
Levy M, Kolodziejczyk AA, Thaiss CA, Elinav E. Dysbiosis and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17:219.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Relman DA. The human microbiome: ecosystem resilience and health. Nutr Rev. 2012;70:2–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Petersen C, Round JL. Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease. Cell Microbiol. 2014;16:1024–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schommer NN, Gallo RL. Structure and function of the human skin microbiome. Trends Microbiol. 2013;21:660–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kong HH, Oh J, Deming C, Conlan S, Grice EA, Beatson MA, Nomicos E, Polley EC, Komarow HD, Murray PR. Temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. Genome Res. 2012;22:850–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fitz-Gibbon S, Tomida S, Chiu B-H, Nguyen L, Du C, Liu M, Elashoff D, Erfe MC, Loncaric A, Kim J. Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133:2152–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ganju P, Nagpal S, Mohammed M, Kumar PN, Pandey R, Natarajan VT, Mande SS, Gokhale RS. Microbial community profiling shows dysbiosis in the lesional skin of Vitiligo subjects. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18761.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee HJ, Jeong SE, Lee S, Kim S, Han H, Jeon CO. Effects of cosmetics on the skin microbiome of facial cheeks with different hydration levels. Microbiologyopen. 2018;7:e00557.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chien AL, Tsai J, Leung S, Mongodin EF, Nelson AM, Kang S, Garza LA. Association of systemic antibiotic treatment of acne with skin microbiota characteristics. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155:425–34.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dellacecca ER, Cosgrove C, Mukhatayev Z, Akhtar S, Engelhard VH, Rademaker AW, Knight K, Le Poole IC. Antibiotics drive microbial imbalance and vitiligo development in mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;140(3):676–87.
Maguire M, Maguire G. The role of microbiota, and probiotics and prebiotics in skin health. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017;309:411–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moskovicz V, Gross A, Mizrahi B. Extrinsic factors shaping the skin microbiome. Microorganisms. 2020;8(7):1023.
Dethlefsen L, Relman DA. Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108:4554–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watanabe J, Fujiwara R, Sasajima N, Ito S, Sonoyama K. Administration of antibiotics during infancy promoted the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):358–63.
Willing BP, Russell SL, Finlay BB. Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host–microbiota mutualism. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9:233.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang M, Jiang Z, Li D, Jiang D, Wu Y, Ren H, Peng H, Lai Y. Oral antibiotic treatment induces skin microbiota dysbiosis and influences wound healing. Microbial Ecol. 2015;69:415–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nakatsuji T, Chen TH, Narala S, Chun KA, Two AM, Yun T, Shafiq F, Kotol PF, Bouslimani A, Melnik AV. Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against Staphylococcus aureus and are deficient in atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9:eaah4680.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Myles IA, Earland NJ, Anderson ED, Moore IN, Kieh MD, Williams KW, Saleem A, Fontecilla NM, Welch PA, Darnell DA. First-in-human topical microbiome transplantation with Roseomonas mucosa for atopic dermatitis. JCI Insight 2018;3:e120608.
Paetzold B, Willis JR, de Lima JP, Knödlseder N, Brüggemann H, Quist SR, Gabaldón T, Güell M. Skin microbiome modulation induced by probiotic solutions. Microbiome. 2019;7:95.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee GR, Maarouf M, Hendricks AJ, Lee DE, Shi VY. Topical probiotics: the unknowns behind their rising popularity. Dermatol Online J. 2019;25:13030.
Earl AM, Losick R, Kolter R. Ecology and genomics of Bacillus subtilis. Trends Microbiol. 2008;16:269–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gonzalez DJ, Haste NM, Hollands A, Fleming TC, Hamby M, Pogliano K, Nizet V, Dorrestein PC. Microbial competition between Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus monitored by imaging mass spectrometry. Microbiology. 2011;157:2485.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dekio I, Hayashi H, Sakamoto M, Kitahara M, Nishikawa T, Suematsu M, Benno Y. Detection of potentially novel bacterial components of the human skin microbiota using culture-independent molecular profiling. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54:1231–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee N-K, Kim W-S, Paik H-D. Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2019;28:1297–305.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lufton M, Bustan O, Eylon B-h, Shtifman-Segal E, Croitoru-Sadger T, Shagan A, Shabtay-Orbach A, Corem-Salkmon E, Berman J, Nyska A, Mizrahi B. Living bacteria in thermoresponsive gel for treating fungal infections. Adv Func Mater. 2018;28:1801581.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Coyte KZ, Schluter J, Foster KR. The ecology of the microbiome: networks, competition, and stability. Science. 2015;350:663–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oh J, Byrd AL, Park M, Kong HH, Segre JA, Program NCS. Temporal stability of the human skin microbiome. Cell. 2016;165:854–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kong HH, Segre JA. Skin microbiome: looking back to move forward. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:933–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fritz JV, Desai MS, Shah P, Schneider JG, Wilmes P. From meta-omics to causality: experimental models for human microbiome research. Microbiome. 2013;1:14.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, Young AC, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Wolfsberg TG, Turner ML, Segre JA, Program NCS. A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota. Genome Res. 2008;18(7):1043–50.
Risso D, Ngai J, Speed TP, Dudoit S. Normalization of RNA-seq data using factor analysis of control genes or samples. Nature biotechnology. 2014;32:896.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lolou V, Panayiotidis MI. Functional role of probiotics and prebiotics on skin health and disease. Fermentation. 2019;5:41.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Knackstedt R, Knackstedt T, Gatherwright J. The role of topical probiotics on skin conditions: a systematic review of animal and human studies and implications for future therapies. Exp Dermatol. 2019;29(1):15–21.
Shank EA, Klepac-Ceraj V, Collado-Torres L, Powers GE, Losick R, Kolter R. Interspecies interactions that result in < em > Bacillus subtilis forming biofilms are mediated mainly by members of its own genus. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108:E1236–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alvarado-Gomez E, Martínez-Castañon G, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Ganem-Rondero A, Yacaman MJ, Martinez-Gutierrez F. Evaluation of anti-biofilm and cytotoxic effect of a gel formulation with Pluronic F-127 and silver nanoparticles as a potential treatment for skin wounds. Mater Sci Eng C. 2018;92:621–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Van Hamme JD, Singh A, Ward OP. Physiological aspects: part 1 in a series of papers devoted to surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv. 2006;24:604–20.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Wenzel JGW, Balaji KSS, Koushik K, Navarre C, Duran SH, Rahe CH, Kompella UB. Pluronic® F127 gel formulations of Deslorelin and GnRH reduce drug degradation and sustain drug release and effect in cattle. J Controlled Release. 2002;85:51–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kohane DS, Langer R. Drug delivery and translation. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2011;1:4–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kant V, Gopal A, Kumar D, Gopalkrishnan A, Pathak NN, Kurade NP, Tandan SK, Kumar D. Topical pluronic F-127 gel application enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats. Acta Histochem. 2014;116:5–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grice EA, Kong HH, Conlan S, Deming CB, Davis J, Young AC, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Murray PR, Green ED. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science. 2009;324:1190–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
SanMiguel A, Grice EA. Interactions between host factors and the skin microbiome. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72:1499–515.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen YE, Fischbach MA, Belkaid Y. Skin microbiota-host interactions. Nature. 2018;553:427–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ramsey MM, Freire MO, Gabrilska RA, Rumbaugh KP, Lemon KP. Staphylococcus aureus shifts toward commensalism in response to Corynebacterium species. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1230.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang Q, Garrity GM, Tiedje JM, Cole JR. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:5261–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Risso D, Schwartz K, Sherlock G, Dudoit S. GC-content normalization for RNA-Seq data. BMC Bioinform. 2011;12:480.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar