Characterization of genes related to the efflux pump and porin in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with COVID-19 after secondary infection

Ganjo, Aryan R.; Balaky, Salah Tofik Jalal; Mawlood, Ahang Hasan; Smail, Sakar B.; Shabila, Nazar P.

doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03283-8

Table 7 Association between resistance to different antibiotics and the gene groups

From: Characterization of genes related to the efflux pump and porin in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with COVID-19 after secondary infection

Antibiotics	acr A (820 bp)				acr B (890 bp)				amp F (191 bp)				amp C (162 bp)				tol C (655 bp)
	Positive		Negative		Positive		Negative		Positive		Negative		Positive		Negative		Positive		Negative
	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Susceptible	9	24.3	2	15.4	7	21.9	4	22.2	4	25.0	7	20.6	5	20.8	6	23.1	3	25.0	8	21.1
Resistant	28	75.7	11	84.6	25	78.1	14	77.8	12	75.0	27	79.4	19	79.2	20	76.9	9	75.0	30	78.9
P value	0.704*				1.000*				0.728*				0.848				1.000*
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Susceptible	23	62.2	8	61.5	22	68.8	9	50.0	9	56.3	22	64.7	14	58.3	17	65.4	7	58.3	24	63.2
Resistant	14	37.8	5	38.5	10	31.3	9	50.0	7	43.8	12	35.3	10	41.7	9	34.6	5	41.7	14	36.8
P value	1.000*				0.190				0.566				0.608				1.000*
Amikacin
Susceptible	22	59.5	9	69.2	20	62.5	11	61.1	8	50.0	23	67.6	12	50.0	19	73.1	5	41.7	26	68.4
Resistant	15	40.5	4	30.8	12	37.5	7	38.9	8	50.0	11	32.4	12	50.0	7	26.9	7	58.3	12	31.6
P value	0.742*				0.923				0.230				0.093				0.171*
Gentamicin
Susceptible	25	67.6	7	53.8	21	65.6	11	61.1	5	31.3	27	79.4	12	50.0	20	76.9	3	25.0	29	76.3
Resistant	12	32.4	6	46.2	11	34.4	7	38.9	11	68.8	7	20.6	12	50.0	6	23.1	9	75.0	9	23.7
P value	0.504*				0.750				0.001				0.048				0.004*
Meropenem
Susceptible	33	89.2	10	76.9	31	96.9	12	66.7	13	81.3	30	88.2	21	87.5	22	84.6	8	66.7	35	92.1
Resistant	4	10.8	3	23.1	1	3.1	6	33.3	3	18.8	4	11.8	3	12.5	4	15.4	4	33.3	3	7.9
P value	0.357*				0.006*				0.666*				1.000*				0.048*
Imipenem
Susceptible	34	91.9	10	76.9	30	93.8	14	77.8	13	81.3	31	91.2	21	87.5	23	88.5	8	66.7	36	94.7
Resistant	3	8.1	3	23.1	2	6.3	4	22.2	3	18.8	3	8.8	3	12.5	3	11.5	4	33.3	2	5.3
P value	0.173*				0.171*				0.370*				1.000*				0.024*
Ertapenem
Susceptible	34	91.9	12	92.3	30	93.8	16	88.9	14	87.5	32	94.1	22	91.7	24	92.3	10	83.3	36	94.7
Resistant	3	8.1	1	7.7	2	6.3	2	11.1	2	12.5	2	5.9	2	8.3	2	7.7	2	16.7	2	5.3
P value	1.000				0.612*				0.584*				1.000*				0.240*
Ciprofloxacin
Susceptible	26	70.3	9	69.2	22	68.8	13	72.2	10	62.5	25	73.5	18	75.0	17	65.4	9	75.0	26	68.4
Resistant	11	29.7	4	30.8	10	31.3	5	27.8	6	37.5	9	26.5	6	25.0	9	34.6	3	25.0	12	31.6
P value	1.000*				0.797				0.514				0.459				1.000*
Levofloxacin
Susceptible	25	67.6	13	100.0	21	65.6	17	94.4	11	68.8	27	79.4	18	75.0	20	76.9	8	66.7	30	78.9
Resistant	12	32.4	0	0.0	11	34.4	1	5.6	5	31.3	7	20.6	6	25.0	6	23.1	4	33.3	8	21.1
P value	0.022*				0.036*				0.486*				0.874				0.448*
Tigecycline
Susceptible	31	83.8	9	69.2	25	78.1	15	83.3	12	75.0	28	82.4	18	75.0	22	84.6	7	58.3	33	86.8
Resistant	6	16.2	4	30.8	7	21.9	3	16.7	4	25.0	6	17.6	6	25.0	4	15.4	5	41.7	5	13.2
P value	0.420*				0.730*				0.707*				0.490				0.046*
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Susceptible	18	48.6	10	76.9	16	50.0	12	66.7	7	43.8	21	61.8	12	50.0	16	61.5	6	50.0	22	57.9
Resistant	19	51.4	3	23.1	16	50.0	6	33.3	9	56.3	13	38.2	12	50.0	10	38.5	6	50.0	16	42.1
P value	0.077				0.254				0.231				0.412				0.631
Ceftazidime
Susceptible	17	45.9	8	61.5	15	46.9	10	55.6	7	43.8	18	52.9	10	41.7	15	57.7	5	41.7	20	52.6
Resistant	20	54.1	5	38.5	17	53.1	8	44.4	9	56.3	16	47.1	14	58.3	11	42.3	7	58.3	18	47.4
P value	0.333				0.556				0.544				0.258				0.508
Cefepime
Susceptible	12	32.4	6	46.2	11	34.4	7	38.9	6	37.5	12	35.3	9	37.5	9	34.6	4	33.3	14	36.8
Resistant	25	67.6	7	53.8	21	65.6	11	61.1	10	62.5	22	64.7	15	62.5	17	65.4	8	66.7	24	63.2
P value	0.504*				0.750				0.880				0.832				1.000*
Ceftriaxone
Susceptible	12	32.4	6	46.2	11	34.4	7	38.9	5	31.3	13	38.2	8	33.3	10	38.5	4	33.3	14	36.8
Resistant	25	67.6	7	53.8	21	65.6	11	61.1	11	68.8	21	61.8	16	66.7	16	61.5	8	66.7	24	63.2
P value	0.504*				0.750				0.631				0.706				1.000*
Cefuroxime
Susceptible	11	29.7	6	46.2	11	34.4	6	33.3	6	37.5	11	32.4	9	37.5	8	30.8	4	33.3	13	34.2
Resistant	26	70.3	7	53.8	21	65.6	12	66.7	10	62.5	23	67.6	15	62.5	18	69.2	8	66.7	25	65.8
P value	0.322*				0.941				0.720				0.616				1.000*
Cefixime
Susceptible	9	24.3	6	46.2	8	25.0	7	38.9	6	37.5	9	26.5	9	37.5	6	23.1	4	33.3	11	28.9
Resistant	28	75.7	7	53.8	24	75.0	11	61.1	10	62.5	25	73.5	15	62.5	20	76.9	8	66.7	27	71.1
P value	0.170*				0.304				0.514*				0.266				1.000*

^*Fisher’s exact test

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