Fig. 2

Clostridium butirycum Miyairi588 (CBM) gavage ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, and its efficacy was enhanced by Abx pretreatment. (A) Experimental animal model for acute colitis and pretreatment with Abx cocktail. (B) The weight loss in the indicated groups. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001 compared to the DSS + CBM group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 compared to the DSS group. (C) Representative H&E-staining figures of the colon (10× magnification large, 40× magnification small; scale bar – 200 μm). (D) DAI of the indicated groups during the experiment. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001 compared to the DSS + CBM group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 compared to the DSS group. (E) Colon length of the indicated groups on day 35. (F) Histopathological scores of distal colon tissues. IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), and TNF-α (I) mRNA expression among groups. These results are indicated as mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001 compared to the DSS + CBM group. CBM, Clostridium butirycum Miyairi588; DAI, Disease activity index; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; Abx, antibiotic cocktail; DSS + CBM, CBM oral gavage treated colitis mice; and Abx + DSS + CBM, colitis mice treated with CBM combined with Abx pretreatment