Fig. 1

Differential expression and functional analysis of genes in control and diabetic groups. (A) Volcano plot showing the differentially expressed genes in control (WT-TC) and diabetic (DB-TC) groups. 449 genes were upregulated (red) and 1,006 genes were downregulated (blue). The x axis is log2 (Fold Change), which is the multiple of the difference between two groups of samples and the y axis showed the log P-value which calculated by t-test. The cut-off is 1.3=-log10 (0.05). (B) Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. The top enriched GO terms were related to metabolism, such as the lipid metabolic process and the monocarboxylic acid metabolic process. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. The top enriched pathways were metabolic pathways, such as the PPAR signaling pathway and retinol metabolism. (D) Reactome pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes. The top enriched pathways were related to various metabolic processes, such as the metabolism of lipids and fatty acid metabolism. (E) Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of differentially expressed genes using Metascape. The network was visualized with gene information, and nodes were colored based on their degree of connectivity. (F) The largest subnetworks in the PPI network were selected and visualized using the MCODE plug-in in Cytoscape. MCODE1 functions were mainly enriched in the metabolism of lipids and the response to vitamins