Fig. 5

Identification of the oral microbial biomarkers. A: LEfSe analysis. Plot of LDA Effect Size. The length of the bar column represents the LDA score. The figure shows the oral microbial taxa with significant differences between the EIESC (orange) and Control (green) (LDA score > 2). B: Random Forest model of the representative 30 microbial biomarkers to predict EIESC based on their mean decrease scores of the optimal model performance. C: boxplots showing the different abundance of Porphyromonas endodontalis in four different groups (Left boxplot), and the elimination rate of Porphyromonas endodontalis from the oral cavity to the stomach (Right boxplot). Significance levels p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively, whereas p > 0.05 is presented p explicitly. D-F: Correlation plot of Porphyromonas endodontalis with strong correlation with three species, including Prevotella tannerae (D), Prevotella intermedia (E) and Veillonella_dispar (F)