Fig. 4

The differential analysis of microbiota compositions between EIESC and controls at the species level and microbial correlation with clinicopathological factors. A: Manhattan plots showing the distributions of each oral species identified in EIESC and individuals. Significantly-enriched species are depicted as transparent triangles, significantly-depleted species are presented as inverted solid triangles, and species with no statistical significance are depicted as full circles. The color of each dot represents the different phylum affiliations, and the size stands for their relative abundance. The light-green and light-blue boxes are used to denote different phylum groups. B: boxplots showing the abundance (Log 2 transformed) of typical genera in four different groups. The Wilcoxon Test was performed and *, **, *** stands for p-value < 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). C: Visualization of the Mantel test. The triangle on the right side represents pairwise comparisons of clinically relevant factors with a color gradient denoting Spearman correlation coefficients. The potentially beneficial genus and potentially harmful genus were related to each clinical factor, respectively, using partial (geographic distance– corrected) Mantel tests. Edge width corresponds to the Mantel r statistic for the corresponding distance correlations, and edge color denotes the statistical p significance value. D: Heatmap matrix plot of Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ) among significantly enriched or delpeted species. The absolute value of ρ is indicated by a color code explained in the legend. The blue color indicates a positive correlation, whereas red represents a negative one. The scale of a square is proportional to ρ2. Cells above the matrix diagonal refer to specific ρ values and their statistical significance (p-value). Significance levels p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively, whereas p > 0.05 is presented p explicitly