Table 1 The chemical composition of these solid byproducts

Compound

Conc. (%)

Compound

Conc. (%)

Llimonene

55.40

Paw et al., 2020

β-Linalool

5.6

Qiao et al., 2008

Neral

10.39

δ-Amorphene

0.05

Trans-verbenol

6.43

β-Myrcene

3.3

Decanal

3.25

Neral

1.3

Ethyl cinnamate

2.21

δ-3-Carene

0.18

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate

2.21

β-Citral

0.15

Cis-α-bergamotene

1.60

Nonanal

0.1

Geraniol

1.48

L-(+)-Citronellal

0.1

Trans-carveol

1.33

cis-β-Ocimene

0.26

nonanal

1.19

α-Copaene

0.04

linalool

1.16

Octanal

0.8

α-terpineol

1.07

α-Cubebene

0.26

p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol

0.90

(+)-Sabinene

1.0

Estragole

0.73

γ-Terpinene

1.21

α-fenchene perillol

0.46

Geranial

1.8

β-curcumene

0.45

Decanal

0.4

trans-d-limonene oxide

0.43

α-Pinene

0.59

1-naphthalenamine

0.42

α-Terpineol

0.42

Camphor

0.34

D-Limonene Ca.

95

3-carene

0.34

α-Phellandrene

0.07

β-santalene

0.27

β-sesquiphellandrene

0.25

α-pinene

0.17

terpinen-4-ol

0.17