Proportion of toxin and non-toxin virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis

First author (reference)	Year		Design	No. of patients	No. of DFI samples	No. of isolates	Ulcer classification system	Methods used for determination of virulence factors	No. of measured virulence factor types
Sotto, et al. [10]	2007	France	Prospective study	72	72	85	IDSA	Oligonucleotide DNA arrays & PCR	3
Sotto, et al. [11]	2008	France	Prospective longitudinal study	118	118	132	NR	PCR	33
Sotto, et al. [12]	2012	France	Prospective study	195	195	195	IDSA/IWGDF	Oligonucleotide DNA arrays	23
Djahmi, et al. [13]	2013	Algeria	Prospective study	128	183	85	IDSA-IWGDF	Oligonucleotide DNA arrays	33
Post, et al. [15]	2014	Switzerland & France	Retrospective study	23	23	23	NR	PCR	21
Paul, et al. [14]	2014	Bangladesh	NR	8	8	8	NR	Multiplex PCR	36
Stappers, et al. [16]	2015	Netherlands	RCT	NR	128	113	NR	Real-time PCR	2
Shettigar, et al. [19]	2015	India	Prospective study	200	200	86	IDSA-IWGDF	Multiplex PCR	3
Mottola, et al. [17]	2016	Portugal	Transversal observational study	49	49	41	NR	PCR	9
Pobiega, et al. [18]	2016	Poland	Laboratory-based study	68	68	68	NR	PCR	9
Dunyach-Remy, et al. [20]	2017	France	Prospective study	276	276	65	IDSA–IWGDF	Oligonucleotide DNA arrays	37
Víquez-Molina, et al. [21]	2018	Costa Rica	Cross-sectional exploratory study	379	379	58	IDSA	PCR	4
Kananizadeh, et al. [22]	2019	Iran	Cross-sectional study	145	145	30	Wagner	Multiplex PCR	2
Silva, et al. [25]	2020	Portugal	NR	42	42	25	Wagner	PCR	8
Anwar, et al. [23]	2020	Iraq	cross-sectional	46	46	24	IWGDF	Multiplex PCR	1
Lin, et al. [24]	2020	Taiwan	NR	112	112	10	IDSA	PFGE	1
Al-Bakri, et al. [26]	2021	Jordan	cross-sectional	87	87	14	Wagner	Multiplex PCR	8

ISSN: 1471-2180