Fig. 4

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) multilevel discriminant analysis of the species differences (LDA > 3, P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U-tests). A: Cladogram. The circle radiating from inside to outside represents the classification level from the kingdom to the genus (or species). Species with no significant differences are uniformly colored in yellow, the red nodes represent the microbial group that plays an important role in the OK group, and the green nodes represent the non-wearer group. B: Histogram of LDA value distribution shows the biomarkers with statistical difference. The LDA value represents the influence of bacterial species, and the longer the length, the higher the degree of influence. L: the OK lens group, N: the non-wearer group