Fig. 5

The bacterial composition heatmap, beta diversity and LEfSe analyses. (a). Taxonomic cluster heatmap generated by z-normalization of relative species abundances. (b) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index of bacterial communities with and without treatment with AITC. (c) Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering of the bacterial communities associated with all soil samples, the rest of the top 10 genus were combined as “others”, “unclassified” represents the species that has not been taxonomically annotated. (d) Species with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score greater than the set value (default setting is 4.0). The lengths of the histograms represent the impact of different species. (e) Phylogenetic dendrogram of bacterial biomarkers among all soil samples. n = 3 for the CC/AITC treatment group