Fig. 8

LEfSe analysis on different fermentation stages. LEfSe analysis for bacterial (A) and fungal (C) community. LEfSe showed a list of specific bacteria and fungi that enable discriminate different fermentation stages. P < 0.05 and a default LDA score ≥ 2.0 were considered significant in the Kruskal–Wallis evaluation. Cladogram demonstrating the bacterial (B) and fungal (D) community with significant differences at different fermentation stages. Blue, red and green represent different stages, with the microbial classifications at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels illustrated from inside to outside. The Blue, red and green nodes in the phylogenetic tree represent microorganisms that play important roles in the SS, AF and AAF, respectively. Yellow nodes represent bacteria and fungi with no significant difference