Table 3 Occurrence of PMQR genes and ciprofloxacin MIC levels in ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates collected from different sources

Livestock slaughterhouse wastewater N = 3, n (%)

2 (66.66)

1 (33.33)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater N = 1, n (%)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

1(100)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

Municipal wastewater N = 5, n (%)

0 (0.00)

5 (100)

3 (60)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

Hospital wastewater N = 17 n (%)

7 (41.17)

9 (52.94)

1(5.88)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

11 (64.70)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

Healthy carriers N = 18, n (%)

1 (5.55)

9 (50)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

12 (66.66)

9 (50)

1 (5.55)

Clinical specimens N = 53, n (%)

32 (60.37)

48 (90.56)

4 (7.54)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

6 (11.32)

6 (11.32)

0 (0.00)

Total N = 97, n (%)

42 (43.29)

72 (74.22)

9 (9.27)

0 (0.00)

30 (30.92)

14 (14.43)

1 (1.03)

MIC₅₀ (µg/mL)

64

32

16

-

-

16

4

128

MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)

64

64

32

-

-

64

64

128