Table 1 Participant baseline characteristics

Sociodemographic

 Age(months)

  1 to 5

53

15.5%

20

8.9%

73

12.9%

  6 to 11

73

21.3%

44

19.6%

117

20.6%

  12 to 23

87

25.4%

71

31.6%

158

27.8%

  24 to 59

130

37.9%

90

40%

220

38.7%

 Sex

  Male

205

59.8%

133

59.1%

338

59.5%

  Female

138

40.2%

92

40.9%

230

40.5%

 Duration of Hospitalization(days)

  0 to 2

100

29.2%

66

29.3%

166

29.2%

  3 to 4

121

35.3%

73

32.4%

194

34.2%

  > 4

117

34.1%

86

38.2%

203

35.7%

  Unknown^a

5

1.5%

0

0

5

0.9%

  Median (25%, 75%)

3

(2, 6)

4

(2, 6)

3

(2, 6)

 HIV Status

  HIV unexposed

309

90.1%

164

72.9%

473

83.3%

  HIV exposed, uninfected

19

5.5%

51

22.7%

70

12.3%

  HIV infected

6

1.7%

6

2.7%

12

2.1%

  HIV-uninfected/exposure status unknown

9

2.6%

4

1.8%

13

2.3%

 Diagnosis at Discharge^b,c

  Diarrhoea

65

19%

43

19.1%

108

19%

  Lower respiratory tract infection

117

34.1%

47

20.9%

164

28.9%

  Malaria

68

19.8%

87

38.7%

155

27.3%

  Malnutrition

24

7%

18

8%

42

7.4%

  Pneumonia

117

34.1%

47

20.9%

164

28.9%

  Upper respiratory tract infection

36

10.5%

10

4.4%

46

8.1%

 Any antibiotic used during admission (enrollment visit)

  Any antibiotics used

328

95.6%

174

77.3%

502

88.4%

  Azithromycin

2

0.6%

2

0.9%

4

0.7%

  Ceftriaxone

102

29.7%

85

37.8%

187

32.9%

  Penicillin

268

78.1%

91

40.4%

359

63.2%

  Gentamicin

241

70.3%

75

33.3%

316

55.6%

  Ciprofloxacin

0

0

2

0.9%

2

0.4%