Table 1 Effect of different concentrations of Pseudomonas sp. on development and adult emergence of S. litura

Control

10.21 ± 0.45^a

9.58 ± 0.67^ab

19.77 ± 0.82^a

6.0 ± 4.0^a

95.52 ± 2.74^c

2.84 ± 2.84^a

1.2 × 10³

11.76 ± 0.57^ab

9.22 ± 0.46^ab

20.98 ± 0.67^a

42.0 ± 10.19^b

77.82 ± 6.54^bc

11.66 ± 7.25^a

1.9 × 10⁵

13.54 ± 0.44^bc

8.30 ± 0.38^ab

21.84 ± 0.20^ab

58.0 ± 3.74^bc

58.98 ± 6.98^ab

16.66 ± 10.53^ab

2.6 × 10⁶

13.20 ± 0.48^bc

8.40 ± 0.50^ab

21.60 ± 0.67^a

70.0 ± 3.16^c

48.30 ± 8.48^ab

20.0 ± 12.24^ab

3.4 × 10⁷

14.12 ± 0.56^c

8.0 ± 0.63^a

22.12 ± 1.14^ab

72.0 ± 3.74^c

38.32 ± 5.0^a

40.0 ± 24.49^ab

4.3 × 10⁹

14.60 ± 0.40^c

10.40 ± 0.40^b

25.0 ± 0.44^b

78.0 ± 3.74^c

33.32 ± 9.12^a

80.0 ± 20.0^b

F-value

11.06**

3.07*

5.72**

25.25**

12.40**

3.57*