Table 3 Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance categories in C. perfringens from different sources

SDR (n = 2)

1

1

2 (chicken intestine)

DDR (n = 2)

2

2

1 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle)

MDR (n = 91)

3

3

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver), 3 (chicken muscle)

4

4

5 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver), 1 (meat kofta), 1 (meat burger)

5

1 (chicken intestine)

5

5

3 (chicken intestine), 5 (chicken liver), 5 (chicken muscle), 1 (chicken nuggets), 1 (meat cuts)

6

2 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver)

6

6

1 (chicken intestine), 3 (chicken liver), 2 (chicken muscle), 1 (meat sausage)

7

1 (chicken intestine)

7

7

3 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle)

8

2 (chicken intestine), 2 (chicken liver)

8

8

2 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle)

9

2 (chicken muscle)

10

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (minced meat)

9

9

1 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle),

10

4 (chicken intestine)

11

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (meat kofta)

10

11

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken muscle)

12

2 (chicken intestine)

11

12

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver)

13

1 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle), 1 (meat cuts)

12

13

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver)

14

1 (chicken muscle)

13

13

1 (meat kofta)

14

1 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver)

15

3 (chicken intestine), 2 (chicken liver), 1 (chicken muscle)

14

15

1 (chicken intestine)

16

1 (chicken muscle), 3 (chicken intestine), 1 (minced meat)

XDR (n = 4)

15

17

2 (chicken intestine), 1 (chicken liver), 1 (minced meat)

PDR (n = 1)

17

19

1 (chicken muscle)