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Table 2 Antimicrobial resistance of C. perfringens isolated from different sources

From: Antimicrobial potential of myricetin-coated zinc oxide nanocomposite against drug-resistant Clostridium perfringens

 

Number of  C. perfringens  Isolates

 

AMA

(Conc.)

Chickens and chicken products ( n  = 90)

P- value

Beef meat and meat products (n =10)

P- value

Muscle

(22)

Liver

(25)

Intestine

(42)

Chicken nuggets

(1)

 

Meat cuts (2)

Kofta

(3)

Burger

(1)

Sausage (1)

Minced meat (3)

P (1 U)

18 (81.81)

23 (92.00)

34 (80.95)

1 (100.00)

0.5663

2 (100.00)

2 (66.67)

1 (100.00)

1 (100.00)

2 (66.67)

0.7968

AMC (20/10 µg)

13 (59.09)

11 (44.00)

20 (47.62)

0 (00.00)

0.5825

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

1 (33.33)

0.6281

Fox (30 µg)

2 (9.09)

0 (00.00)

4 (9.52)

0 (00.00)

0.3475

1 (50.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (100.00)

0 (00.00)

1 (33.33)

0.8000

IPM (10 µg)

2 (9.09)

2 (8.00)

3 (7.14)

0 (00.00)

0.9834

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

ND

CN (10 µg)

4 (18.18)

4 (16.00)

4 (9.52)

0 (00.00)

0.5855

0 (00.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

2 (66.67)

0.4553

E (15 µg)

9 (40.91)

8 (32.00)

20 (47.62)

1 (100.00)

0.3716

1 (50.00)

1 (33.33)

1 (100.00)

0 (00.00)

3 (100.00)

0.3571

NA (30 µg)

5 (22.73)

8 (32.00)

18 (42.86)

0 (00.00)

0.3764

1 (50.00)

3 (100.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

2 (66.67)

0.2733

ENR (5 µg)

3 (13.64)

4 (16.00)

14 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

0.2228

0 (00.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

1 (100.00)

2 (66.67)

0.6571

SXT (23.75/1.25 μg)

9 (40.91)

10 (20.00)

19 (45.24)

0 (00.00)

0.9357

0 (0.00)

2 (66.67)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

2 (66.67)

0.3492

C (30 µg)

6 (27.27)

5 (20.00)

13 (30.95)

0 (00.00)

0.7615

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

2 (66.67)

0.0667

B (10 µg)

19 (86.36)

21 (84.00)

39 (92.86)

1 (100.00)

0.5315

2 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

0 (00.00)

1 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

0.0431*

LNZ (30 µg)

13 (59.09)

13 (52.00)

23 (54.76)

0 (00.00)

0.8211

1 (50.00)

2 (66.67)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

3 (100.00)

0.3571

DA (2 µg)

8 (36.36)

9 (36.00)

28 (66.67)

0 (00.00)

0.0174

1 (50.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

3 (100.00)

0.2857

L2 (15 µg)

15 (68.18)

18 (72.00)

33 (78.57)

1 (100.00)

0.7316

2 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

1 (100.00)

0 (00.00)

3 (100.00)

0.0404*

TE (30 µg)

5 (22.73)

11 (44.00)

18 (42.86)

0 (00.00)

0.3050

1 (50.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

1 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

0.3571

VA (30 µg)

6 (27.27)

5 (20.00)

15 (35.71)

0 (00.00)

0.5829

1 (50.00)

1 (33.33)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

3 (100.00)

0.2857

Tec (30 µg)

13 (59.09)

16 (64.00)

23 (54.76)

0 (00.00)

0.6507

2 (100.00)

2 (66.67)

0 (00.00)

1 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

0.2119

Met (5 µg)

19 (86.36)

24 (96.00)

39 (92.86)

1 (100.00)

0.5060

2 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

1 (100.00)

1 (100.00)

3 (100.00)

0.2119

RA (5 µg)

9 (40.91)

13 (52.00)

17 (40.48)

0 (00.00)

0.7376

1 (50.00)

2 (66.67)

0 (00.00)

0 (00.00)

2 (66.67)

1.000

P- value

0.0001*

0.0001*

0.0001*

0.3918

0.0001*

0.2340

0.0451*

0.3918

0.3918

0.1358

0.0051*

  1. Values represent number of C. perfringens (%); AMA, antimicrobial agent; Conc., concentration; P, penicillin G benzyl penicillin; AMC, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid; FOX, cefoxitin; IPM, imipenem; CN, gentamicin; E, erythromycin; NA, nalidixic acid; ENR, enrofloxacin; SXT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; C, chloramphenicol; B, bacitracin; LNZ, lenzolid; DA, clindamycin; L2, lincomycin; TE, tetracycline; VA, vancomycin; Tec, teicoplanin; MET, metronidazole; RA, rifampin. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test. * P-values ˂ 0.05 indicate significant differences
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BMC Microbiology

ISSN: 1471-2180

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