Fig. 2

Killing kinetics of the MIC levels of ZnO, ZnO/PVA, and ZnO/PVA/MYR on the viability of three C. perfringens isolates categorized as PDR (A), XDR (B), and MDR (C) using the time-kill curve analysis. The bacterial survival was reported at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h incubation time points by the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. PDR, pan drug resistant; XDR, extensive drug resistant; MDR, multi drug resistant. The experiment was applied in triplicate and the regression analysis was performed as previously described method [36]