Fig. 4

Pre-treatment with c-di-GMP attenuates MRSA colonization in a murine skin wound infection model. Groups of mice were pre-treated with 200 nmol c-di-GMP or PBS and 24 h later damaged skin sections were challenged with MRSA strain HRCH2019-1. Challenged skin sections were excised for 3 consecutive days post infection for quantification of bacterial CFU counts and histology analysis after H&E staining. A Quantification of MRSA CFUs from challenged skin tissue sections. Significant differences between the control and c-di-GMP pre-treatment group were identified by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (GraphPad Prism). ***, P < 0.001. B Representative microscopy images of MRSA-challenged H&E-stained skin tissue sections. C Quantification of neutrophils in MRSA-challenged H&E-stained skin tissue sections. Significant differences between the control and c-di-GMP pre-treatment group were identified by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (GraphPad Prism). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01