Fig. 3

Differential abundances of modules and pathways between exclusively breast-fed and exclusively formula-fed infants with CF during the first year of life. Each cell in the heatmap represents the log₁₀ ratio of the median abundances of breast-fed to formula fed. Modules/pathways are grouped vertically by temporal pattern of significant differential abundance (q < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Significance labels indicate at which time points and in which cohort a specific function was significantly increased in one cohort relative to the other (Only formula for significantly increased in formula feeding infants relative to only breast milk fed infants, Only breast milk for significantly increased in breast feeding relative to formula feeding infants, and ns for not significant). Sample sizes at each time point are indicated in the x-axis label