Fig. 6

Cytokine and chemokine levels after treatment with AgNP-PVP-MA nanocomposite (AgNP to 1 %, 0.1 g of PVP and 50 µg/mL of MA) for 24 h. Levels of interleukin 4 [IL-4] (A). Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] (B). Levels of interleukin 17 A [IL-17 A] (C). Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [MIP-1α] (D). Control group: macrophages infected and untreated. AgNP-PVP-MA group: macrophages infected and treated with the nanocomposite. AMB group: macrophages infected and treated with amphotericin B at a concentration of 0.5 µg/mL. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate sample (n = 3) in three different experiments with analysis of variance, Student’s t-test; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.005; ***p ≤ 0.0005; ****p ≤ 0.0001