Table 3 Statistical differences between control and evolved microbiomes

accelerated development

t = −8.116

df = 3.009

p-value = 0.004

delayed reproduction

t = 3.558

df = 33.652

p-value = 0.001

increased lifespan

t = 1.364

df = 3.172

p-value = 0.261

egg size

t = 0.213

df = 3.105

p-value = 0.845

desiccation resistance

t = 2.883

df = 2.224

p-value = 0.090

fluctuating temperature

t = 1.238

df = 7.996

p-value = 0.251

salt and cadmium resistance

t = 1.431

df = 2.287

p-value = 0.274

starvation resistance

t = 10.448

df = 2.065

p-value = 0.008

parasitoid resistance

t = 2.179

df = 28.394

p-value = 0.038

viral resistance

t = 4.265

df = 9.829

p-value = 0.002