Fig. 1

Cell viability of human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFs) after treatment with chitosan hydrogel (CS gel), zinc oxide nanocomposite (ZnONC), and chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite hydrogel (ZnONC-CS) with different concentrations up to 72 h. The values were recorded as total number of living cells. Error bars represent standard deviation. * P < 0.05 compared to the untreated sample