Table 1 Characterization of sampling sites and Streptomyces collections. Climatic conditions and soil properties at the sampling sites, microbial enzyme activities, the numbers of isolates recovered from each site along with their average antagonism against Streptomyces sudanensis are listed
Site code | Site name (coordinates) | Ecoregiona | Soil typeb (Common description) | Average annual temperature (°C) | Average annual rain (mm) | P (mg/100 g) | K (mg/100 g) | Soil pH | NAG Activity (nmol/ hr.−1 g soil− 1)c | GLU Activity (nmol/ hr.− 1 g soil− 1)c | CEL Activity (nmol/ hr.− 1 g soil− 1)c | PHO Activity (nmol/ hr.− 1 g soil− 1)c | XYL Activity (nmol/ hr.− 1 g soil− 1)c | Humic acid: 105 CFU/g soil− 1 | ISP2:105 CFU/g soil− 1 | Nr of selected phenotypes | Average antagonism±SE (clearance zone/ colony diameter) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Juba (4.8594° N; 31.571° E) | East Sudanian savanna | Nitosols (Tropical rusty red) | 28.5 | 954 | 1.6 | 14.6 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 53.6 | 1.4 | 37.4 | 2.9 | 15 | 26.1 | 10 | 1.46 ± 0.45 |
2 | Hajj Abd Allah (13.58° N; 33.35° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Fluvisols (Riverside silt) | 28.3 | 427 | 4.5 | 46.3 | 8.0 | 18.9 | 59.9 | 3.2 | 45.6 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 16.8 | 4 | 1.62 ± 0.15 |
4 | Hajj Abd Allah (13.58° N; 33.35° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Vertisols (Black clay-Gazira cotton clay) | 28.3 | 427 | 6.3 | 28.2 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 50.2 | 1.7 | 60.6 | 5.4 | 3 | 15.9 | 19 | 1.62 ± 0.35 |
5 | Hajj Abd Allah (13.58° N; 33.35° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Fluvisols (Silt, gorair) | 28.3 | 427 | 25.3 | 80.5 | 8.1 | 10.7 | 93.9 | 2.8 | 45.1 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 15 | 11 | 0.81 ± 0.34 |
7 | Hussein Narti-1 (18.1510° N; 31.1402° E) | South Saharan steppe and woodlands | Yermosol (Desert sand) | 29.7 | 70 | 4.6 | 32.6 | 8.0 | 2.2 | 4.1 | < 0.05 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 27.6 | 5.1 | 15 | 3.03 ± 0.53 |
8 | El Muglad (11.0347° N; 27.7491° E) | East Sudanian savanna | Arenosols (Stabilized sand dunes with silt or clay) | 28.5 | 501 | 2.0 | 28.2 | 6.4 | 25.8 | 54.3 | 5.0 | 85.0 | 8.4 | 18.3 | 31.8 | 16 | 1.82 ± 0.37 |
10 | Nyala (12.0518° N 24.8805° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Arenosols (Stabilized sand dunes with silt or clay) | 27.2 | 398 | 1.5 | 19.2 | 7.1 | 9.5 | 19.3 | < 0.05 | 27.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 10.8 | 4 | 0.30 ± 0.3 |
11 | Khartoum- Soba west (15.5007° N 32.5599° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Yermosols (Flat gravel silt loam with clay) | 29.6 | 164 | 8.3 | 19.1 | 8.5 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 6.3 | 1.6 | 20.4 | 27.3 | 22 | 2.83 ± 0.37 |
12 | Hajj Abd Allah (13.58° N; 33.35° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Fluvisols (Fine sands) | 28.3 | 427 | 9.1 | 59.1 | 8.0 | 10.4 | 69.0 | 1.3 | 11.7 | 4.1 | 12 | 22.8 | 15 | 2.60 ± 0.46 |
13 | Kassala (15.4581° N 36.4040° E) | East Sudanian savanna | Fluvisols (Riverside silt) | 29.6 | 251 | 9.0 | 35.2 | 7.8 | 12.3 | 42.1 | 0.7 | 27.2 | 2.4 | 7.8 | 21.3 | 10 | 0.64 ± 0.33 |
14 | Umm Ruwaba (12.9028° N; 31.2283° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Arenosols (Stabilized sand dunes with silt or clay) | 27.0 | 375 | 6.7 | 22.2 | 6.8 | 0.7 | 9.9 | < 0.05 | 24.0 | 0.2 | 6.6 | 12 | 11 | 0.95 ± 0.41 |
16 | Sennar (13.4580° N; 33.2588° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Vertisols (Black clay) | 28.3 | 427 | 10.8 | 48.3 | 8.1 | 2.4 | 22.3 | 0.2 | 40.4 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 13.2 | 5 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
19 | Hussein Narti-2 (18.1510° N; 31.1402° E) | South Saharan steppe and woodlands | Yermosols (Desert sand) | 29.7 | 70 | 5.3 | 38.3 | 8.0 | 2.4 | 4.9 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | 0.2 | 19.8 | 26.4 | 12 | 2.55 ± 0.60 |
21 | AL Gadarif-Basonda (14.0243° N; 35.3686° E) | East Sudanian savanna | Vertisols (Black clay) | 28.9 | 604 | 2.4 | 37.4 | 7.6 | 1.9 | 9.6 | 1.1 | 46.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 9.9 | 3 | 1.11 ± 1.11 |
23 | Al Fashir (13.6198° N; 25.3549° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Arenosols (Stabilized sand dunes with silt or clay) | 26.0 | 213 | 28.6 | 60.0 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 12.1 | 0.5 | 13.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 10.8 | 2 | 2.47 ± 0.87 |
27 | Ad Douiem (13.9951° N; 32.2994° E) | Sahelian Acacia savanna | Yermosols (Flat gravel silt loam with clay) | 28.3 | 427 | 8.9 | 52.6 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 40.8 | 0.4 | 29.2 | 3.1 | 16.8 | 22.5 | 12 | 2.91 ± 0.36 |
29 | Ad Damazin (11.7855° N; 34.3421° E) | East Sudanian savanna | Vertisols (Black clay) | 28.3 | 713 | 16.5 | 49.1 | 7.3 | 18.9 | 87.2 | 3.4 | 80.5 | 8.7 | 5.4 | 19.8 | 4 | 1.76 ± 0.61 |