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Fig. 5 | BMC Microbiology

Fig. 5

From: Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles enhance immunomodulation and antimicrobial activity in RAW264.7 macrophages

Fig. 5

Profile of cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with EcN_OMVs. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with EcN_OMVs and heat-killed EcN for 16 h. After these stimulations, cell supernatants were collected for determining the following cytokines: a IL-6; b TNF-α; c IL-10; d IL-12p40; e IL-4. Data are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; versus control

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BMC Microbiology

ISSN: 1471-2180

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