Fig. 1

a The evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Parsimony method. The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 500 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analyzed. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches whereas the BLAST alignment results are showed. The abundances of isolated bacterial are shown in the last column. b The microscope micrographs of four LAB strains. c Inhibitory effects of HSM-14 against the pathogen ETEC. The circle wells were filled in different products of HSM-14, including, fermentation broth of cells (pH 3.50) (1 &2) and cell-free supernatant (pH 3.50) without any treatment (3&4), with 15 min heat inactivation (5&6), with pH adjusting from 3.5 to 7.5 using NaOH (7&8), with the treatment of 1 mg/mL trypsin (9&10), and with the treatment of 1 mg/mL protease K (11&12). Some substances (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) were obtained from the fermentation broth after cultivation under the aerobic condition while others (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) were from the culture under anaerobic condition