Fig. 7

The effects of arsenate pretreatment on persister formation, ATP levels, and persister resuscitation. a-b Exponentially growing cells (OD₆₀₀ = 0.25) were treated with solvent or 10 mM arsenate for 30 min. At t = 180 min, cells were first washed to remove the arsenate and then resuspended in fresh media with ampicillin (without arsenate). After the ampicillin treatment, cells were transferred to fresh LB media to monitor persister resuscitation. c Cells during the antibiotic treatments were plated to generate the kill curves (N = 3). d ATP levels of control and pretreatment groups (N = 3). *indicates a significant difference between control and pretreatment groups (P < 0.05)