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Table 3 Antibiotic resistance profile (% of resistance) of S. aureus, E. faecalis and S. gallolyticus (% of resistance) strains, obtained by the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) and the anti-biofilm test (ABT). N represents the number of samples. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (AMP/SUL), High-level gentamicin (HLG), High-level streptomycin (HLS), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)

From: Microbial biofilm correlates with an increased antibiotic tolerance and poor therapeutic outcome in infective endocarditis

Drug

AST

ABT

S. aureus (N = 4)

E. faecalis (N = 2)

S. gallolyticus (N = 2)

S. aureus (N = 4)

E. faecalis (N = 2)

S. gallolyticus (N = 2)

Ampicillin

–

0

0

–

0

0

AMP/SUL

–

0

–

–

0

–

Benzilpenicillin

100

–

0

100

–

50

Cefotaxime

–

–

0

–

–

50

Ceftriaxone

–

–

0

–

–

100

Clindamycin

25

100

0

75

100

100

Daptomycin

0

–

–

100

–

–

Erythromycin

25

100

–

100

100

–

Fusidic Acid

0

–

–

25

–

–

Gentamicin

0

–

–

50

–

–

HLG

–

50

–

–

100

–

Levofloxacin

25

–

–

100

–

–

Linezolid

0

0

–

100

50

–

Oxacillin

25

–

–

25

–

–

Rifampicin

0

–

–

50

–

–

HLS

–

50

–

–

100

–

Teicoplanin

0

0

–

0

50

–

Tigecyclin

0

0

–

100

100

–

TMP/SMX

0

100

–

75

100

–

Vancomycin

0

0

0

100

100

50