Fig. 1

Differences in variation over time of alpha diversity between healthy and diseased groups using different measure indexes. Ace, Chao1 and Observed OTUs indexes reflect species richness, and Shannon or Simpson indexes reflect species diversity. a, b, c, d, e Kruskal-wallis test was used for analysing differences among time groups in the healthy and diseased groups, respectively. Values are presented as mean ± S.E.M. * P < 0.05 compared to day 0 samples