Table 6 Risk factors for S. aureus carriage at CSS-2
Characteristic | N | n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pneumococcal carriage | ||||||
 No | 337 | 135 (40.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Yes | 80 | 26 (32.5) | 0.72 (0.67–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.46–0.72) | <0.001 |
Age group | ||||||
  < 10y | 173 | 72 (41.6) |  |  |  |  |
  ≥ 10y | 244 | 89 (36.5) | 0.81 (0.54–1.2) | 0.289 | 1.24 (0.74–2.07) | 0.418 |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 209 | 90 (43.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Female | 208 | 71 (34.1) | 0.69 (0.47–0.99) | 0.044 | 0.75 (0.57–1.0) | 0.050 |
Occupation | ||||||
 None | 162 | 67 (41.4) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Student | 149 | 77 (51.7) | 1.52 (1.32–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) | 0.613 |
 Agriculture | 104 | 17 (16.4) | 0.28 (0.10–0.80) | 0.017 | 0.2 (0.1–0.38) | <0.001 |
Schooling (years) | ||||||
 0 | 258 | 82 (31.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
 1–3 | 67 | 36 (53.7) | 2.49 (1.62–3.84) | <0.001 |  |  |
 4–6 | 48 | 23 (47.9) | 1.97 (0.65–6.02) | 0.232 |  |  |
  > 6 | 44 | 20 (45.5) | 1.79 (1.51–2.12) | <0.001 |  |  |
Ability to read | ||||||
 No | 259 | 83 (32.1) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 158 | 78 (49.3) | 2.07 (1.20–3.56) | 0.009 |  |  |
Ability to write | ||||||
 No | 259 | 83 (32.1) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 158 | 78 (49.4) | 2.07 (1.20–3.56) | 0.009 |  |  |
Recentb health visit | ||||||
 No | 405 | 159 (39.3) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Yes | 12 | 2 (16.7) | 0.31 (0.22–0.43) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.45–0.52) | <0.001 |
Recentb antibiotic use | ||||||
 No | 415 | 160 (38.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1.59 (0.04–59.03) | 0.800 |  |  |
Ethnicity (Jola) | ||||||
 No | 10 | 3 (30) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Yes | 407 | 158 (38.8) | 1.48 (1.04–2.10) | 0.028 | 1.5 (1.09–2.08) | 0.014 |
Active smoker | ||||||
 No | 405 | 159 (39.3) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 12 | 2 (16.7) | 0.31 (0.03–3.14) |  |  |  |
Smoker in household | ||||||
 No | 144 | 51 (35.4) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 273 | 110 (40.3) | 1.23 (0.63–2.42) | 0.548 |  |  |