Fig. 4
From: Characterization and prediction of the mechanism of action of antibiotics through NMR metabolomics
Qualitative and quantitative differences between 1H NMR spectra acquired from E. coli cultures after antibiotic treatment. a + b Noticeable metabolite changes in fingerprints after treatment with doxycycline, kanamycin and ciprofloxacin. Bar charts showing metabolite levels of important significantly increased and decreased intracellular c amino acids, d energy metabolites and e stress induced metabolites (* < p = 0.05). f Noticeable metabolite changes in footprints after treatment with cefalexin and ampicillin