Figure 1

Infant feces-derived Lactobacillus spp. produce factors that suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production by C. difficile -stimulated HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells. LCM from specific strains of human-derived lactobacilli were found to significantly inhibit IL-8 production by HT-29 cells stimulated with C. difficile. Cells were stimulated with C. difficile in the presence of LCM for 24 h. (A) IL-8 production was monitored by ELISA, and (B) GM-CSF production was monitored by a Luminex premixed cytokine assay by Millipore. The results were from three independent experiments in triplicate for figure (A) and one experiment in triplicate for figure (B) and are expressed as the mean ± SEM, **p-value < 0.01 as compared to medium control.