Gene | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathogen | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
 Immune response-inducing genes | |||
MALT1 | Inhibition of MALT1 stopped c-Rel activation and Th-17 immunity to Candida species | C. albicans | [33] |
SERPINE1 | SERPINE1 Inhibits plasmin formation. Plasmin bound C. albicans showed increased invasiveness. | C. albicans | [35] |
ICAM1 | Inhibition of ICAM-1 stopped adherence of C. albicans to human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and resulted in a decreased activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 | C. albicans | [38] |
IL8 | see ICAM1 | Â | [38] |
IL1A | IL-1 α from C. albicans infected oral epithelial cells up-regulated secretion IL-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | C. albicans | [41] |
FYN | FYN knockout mice were shown to have increased Th2 type immune response | Â | [54] |
STAT1 | Defects in STAT1 result in defective Th17-type and Th1-type responses | Â | |
CCL2 | Neutralizing CCL2 resulted in increased mortality and pathogen burden in the lungs of mice with invasive aspergillosis | A. fumigatus | [46] |
MAP3K8 | MAP3K8 deficient mice exhibited low-level of TNF- α and ERK production |  | [60] |
MAP3K14 | MAP3K14 Activated MAPKs | Â | [61] |
NFKB1 | Component of NF- κB |  |  |
RELA | Component of NF- κB |  |  |
EREG | EREG is important in the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages. It was up-regulated when alveolar macrophages were challenged with conidia of A. fumigatus | A. fumigatus | [58] |
IL12A | Central for the induction of TH1-type cytokines | Â | |
TRIB3 | TRIB3 senses the presence of cellular nutrient in PI3K/AKT signaling | Â | [62] |
CLCF1 | Activates the Jak-STAT signaling cascade? | Â | Â |
LYN | Inhibiting the ICAM-1-binding activity? | Â | Â |
 Immune response-repressing genes | |||
PLAUR | PLAUR promotes plasmin formation. Plasmin bound C. albicans showed increased invasiveness. | C. albicans | [35] |
DUSP8 | DUSP8 inhibits MAPK/ERK. Inactivation of MAPK/ERK correlated with a decrease in the activation of innate immunity against A. fumigatus in a mice model | A. fumigatus | [43] |
DUSP6 | DUSP6 inhibits MAPK/ERK (see DUSP8) | Â | Â |
SPRED2 | SPRED2 inhibits MAPK/ERK (see DUSP8) | Â | Â |
NFKBIA | Inhibits NF- κB. Inhibition of NF- κ decreased neutrophil phagocytosis and microbicide capacity | C. albicans | [50] |
TNIP1 | Inhibits NF- κB |  | [49] |
PMP22 | Up-regulation of Hedgehog pathway increased cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication | Â | [52] |
THBD | Up-regulation of Hedgehog pathway increased cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication | Â | [52] |