Figure 1From: Universal and specific quantitative detection of botulinum neurotoxin genesSelection and design of universal PCR primers. (A) Diagram of C. botulinum neurotoxin gene (BoNT) organization (adapted from Chen et al. 2007) [39]. (B) Non-toxin non-hemagglutinin gene (NTNH) primers targeting a highly conserved area directly upstream from BoNT. Primer sequences contain degenerate bases to accommodate all strain variation.Back to article page