Fig. 3

Comprehensive Analysis of Microbiome in Respiratory Health and Disease. A) PCoA based on the weighted UniFrac distance, highlighting the relative abundance of species. The green dots represent healthy individuals, while the red dots denote the clinical group, which includes BE patients and others with chronic inflammatory lower airway conditions. The ellipses encase clusters within each group, showcasing the microbiome variability between health and disease states. B) PCoA based on the Ochiai distance, focusing solely on the presence metrics of the species. The data points are colored by clusters identified via hierarchical clustering based on Ochiai distance. Each cluster is distinctly colored to illustrate the microbiome composition differences discerned through this method. C) The bubble plot of the most prevalent species differentiating the clusters, with the circle size representing the percentage of individuals harboring a specific species. The colors correspond to the taxonomic class of each species. Accompanying this plot is a bar chart displaying the abundance of individuals from each clinical group within the clusters, providing insights into the species distribution across different health conditions