Fig. 8

Functional profiling performed with PICRUSt2. (A) Q-value heatmap of KEGG function enrichment in two groups. The colors in the heatmap indicate the q-value, which is a measure of false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-value. Lighter colors indicate lower q-values, indicating higher significance or enrichment of the KEGG function in that group. (B) Histogram of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis between PN and HC groups. Histogram of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis between PN and HC groups. (C) Box-plot of COG functional classification. Each box in the plot represents a specific COG functional category, and the height of the box indicates the range or dispersion of the category’s abundance or frequency across the samples or groups. (D) Histogram of COG pathway enrichment analysis between PN and HC groups. Each bar in the histogram represents a COG pathway, and the height of the bar indicates the enrichment score or significance level. Higher bars indicate more significant enrichment in the corresponding COG pathway