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Table 3 Effect of concentration, cations and pH on FA of the bioflocculant

From: Bioflocculation of pollutants in wastewater using flocculant derived from Providencia huaxiensis OR794369.1

Concentration (mg/mL)

%FA

Cations

%FA

pH

%FA

0.2

85 ± 3.7a

No cation

49 ± 2.2b

4

90 ± 3.3c

0.4

87 ± 2.8a

Na+

88 ± 4.6a

5

88 ± 2.1a,c

0.6

85 ± 4.6a

Li+

87 ± 2.4a

6

84 ± 0.8a

0.8

85 ± 3.5a

K+

86 ± 4.6a

7

85 ± 3.7a

  

Ca2+

87 ± 2.8a

8

78 ± 2.4a,b

  

Mg2+

86 ± 2.1a

9

77 ± 3.3b

  

Mn2+

84 ± 5.9a

10

71 ± 0.7b

  

Fe3+

83 ± 5.3a

  
  1. The superscripts (a, b and c) show the statistically significant (p < 0.05); similar letters illustrate no statistical difference (p > 0.05)