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  1. Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, affects a large number of people in both the USA and Europe. The mouse is a natural host for this spirochete and is widely used as a model system to study Lyme pathog...

    Authors: Diana S Saidac, Salvatore AE Marras and Nikhat Parveen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:43
  2. The Salmonella PreA/PreB two-component system (TCS) is an ortholog of the QseBC TCS of Escherichia coli. In both Salmonella and E. coli, this system has been shown to affect motility and virulence in response to ...

    Authors: Massimo Merighi, Alecia N Septer, Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Aditi Bhatiya, Steffen Porwollik, Michael McClelland and John S Gunn
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:42
  3. A novel DNA phosphorothioate modification (DNA sulfur modification), in which one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms in the phosphodiester bond linking DNA nucleotides is exchanged by sulphur, was found to be ge...

    Authors: Tiegang Xu, Jingdan Liang, Shi Chen, Lianrong Wang, Xinyi He, Delin You, Zhijun Wang, Aiying Li, Zhongli Xu, Xiufen Zhou and Zixin Deng
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:41
  4. Mycobacterial pathogens are a major threat to humans. With the increasing availability of functional genomic data, research on mycobacterial pathogenesis and subsequent control strategies will be greatly accel...

    Authors: Xinxing Zhu, Suhua Chang, Kechi Fang, Sijia Cui, Jun Liu, Zuowei Wu, Xuping Yu, George F Gao, Huanming Yang, Baoli Zhu and Jing Wang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:40
  5. Mutations associated with resistance to rifampin or streptomycin have been reported for W/Beijing and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A few studies with limited s...

    Authors: Elis R Dalla Costa, Marta O Ribeiro, Márcia SN Silva, Liane S Arnold, Diana C Rostirolla, Patricia I Cafrune, Roger C Espinoza, Moises Palaci, Maria A Telles, Viviana Ritacco, Philip N Suffys, Maria L Lopes, Creuza L Campelo, Silvana S Miranda, Kristin Kremer, Pedro E Almeida da Silva…
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:39
  6. Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease of rice, is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. The genome of this fungal pathogen has been sequenced and an automated annotation has recently bee...

    Authors: Shaowu Meng, Douglas E Brown, Daniel J Ebbole, Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Yeon Yee Oh, Jixin Deng, Thomas K Mitchell and Ralph A Dean
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  7. Plant diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes result in significant economic losses every year. Although phylogenetically distant, the infection processes by these organisms share many common features. These in...

    Authors: Shaowu Meng, Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Marcus C Chibucos, Brett M Tyler and Ralph A Dean
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  8. A critical function for symbionts is the acquisition of nutrients from their host. Relationships between hosts and symbionts range from biotrophic mutualism to necrotrophic parasitism, with a corresponding ran...

    Authors: Marcus C Chibucos and Brett M Tyler
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  9. Manipulation of programmed cell death (PCD) is central to many host microbe interactions. Both plant and animal cells use PCD as a powerful weapon against biotrophic pathogens, including viruses, which draw th...

    Authors: Marcus C Chibucos, Candace W Collmer, Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Michelle Gwinn-Giglio, Magdalen Lindeberg, Donghui Li and Brett M Tyler
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  10. Genome-informed identification and characterization of Type III effector repertoires in various bacterial strains and species is revealing important insights into the critical roles that these proteins play in...

    Authors: Magdalen Lindeberg, Bryan S Biehl, Jeremy D Glasner, Nicole T Perna, Alan Collmer and Candace W Collmer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  11. A wide diversity of plant-associated symbionts, including microbes, produce proteins that can enter host cells, or are injected into host cells in order to modify the physiology of the host to promote coloniza...

    Authors: Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Candace W Collmer, Magdalen Lindeberg, David Bird, Alan Collmer and Brett M Tyler
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  12. Protein secretion plays a central role in modulating the interactions of bacteria with their environments. This is particularly the case when symbiotic bacteria (whether pathogenic, commensal or mutualistic) a...

    Authors: Tsai-Tien Tseng, Brett M Tyler and João C Setubal
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  13. All microbes that form beneficial, neutral, or pathogenic associations with hosts face similar challenges. They must physically adhere to and/or gain entry to host tissues; they must avoid, suppress, or tolera...

    Authors: Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Candace W Collmer and Michelle Gwinn-Giglio
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9(Suppl 1):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 1

  14. Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite of humans. The genome has been sequenced, but the study of individual gene products has been hampered by the lack of the ability to generate gene knockout...

    Authors: Alicia S Linford, Heriberto Moreno, Katelyn R Good, Hanbang Zhang, Upinder Singh and William A Petri Jr
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:38
  15. The symbiotic soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti often has to face low pH in its natural habitats. To identify genes responding to pH stress a global transcriptional analysis of S. meliloti strain 1021 followi...

    Authors: Christoph Hellweg, Alfred Pühler and Stefan Weidner
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:37
  16. The inflammatory response in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric tissue is mediated by cag pathogenicity island (PAI)-dependent activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt s...

    Authors: Eriko Takeshima, Koh Tomimori, Hirochika Kawakami, Chie Ishikawa, Shigeki Sawada, Mariko Tomita, Masachika Senba, Fukunori Kinjo, Hitomi Mimuro, Chihiro Sasakawa, Jiro Fujita and Naoki Mori
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:36

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2011 11:128

  17. Tc38 of Trypanosoma cruzi has been isolated as a single stranded DNA binding protein with high specificity for the poly [dT-dG] sequence. It is present only in Kinetoplastidae protozoa and its sequence lacks homo...

    Authors: María A Duhagon, Lucía Pastro, José R Sotelo-Silveira, Leticia Pérez-Díaz, Dante Maugeri, Sheila C Nardelli, Sergio Schenkman, Noreen Williams, Bruno Dallagiovanna and Beatriz Garat
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:34
  18. Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprophytic mould, is responsible for life-threatening, invasive pulmonary diseases in immunocompromised hosts. The role of the airway epithelium involves a complex interaction with the i...

    Authors: Ludmila Alekseeva, Dominique Huet, Françoise Féménia, Isabelle Mouyna, Mahdia Abdelouahab, Adrien Cagna, Daniel Guerrier, Virginie Tichanné-Seltzer, Armelle Baeza-Squiban, René Chermette, Jean-Paul Latgé and Nadia Berkova
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:33
  19. Highly pathogenic mycobacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis are characterised by their slow growth and their ability to reside and multiply in the very hostile phagosomal environment and a correlation between ...

    Authors: Soroush Sharbati, Kira Schramm, Sonja Rempel, Hwa Wang, Ronny Andrich, Verena Tykiel, Ralph Kunisch and Astrid Lewin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:31
  20. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen that possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The LEE is essential...

    Authors: Luminita Badea, Scott A Beatson, Maria Kaparakis, Richard L Ferrero and Elizabeth L Hartland
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:30
  21. Microorganisms are a large and diverse form of life. Many of them live in association with large multicellular organisms, developing symbiotic relations with the host and some have even evolved to form obligat...

    Authors: Danival J de Souza, Annie Bézier, Delphine Depoix, Jean-Michel Drezen and Alain Lenoir
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:29
  22. Campylobacter jejuni, the commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide, can also induce colonic inflammation. To understand how a previously identified heat stable component contributes to pro-inflammatory re...

    Authors: Kenneth H Mellits, Ian F Connerton, Michael F Loughlin, Peter Clarke, Julie Smith, Eleanor Dillon, Phillippa L Connerton, Francis Mulholland and Christopher J Hawkey
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:28
  23. The widespread problem of antibiotic resistance in pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus has prompted the search for new antimicrobial approaches. In this study we report for the first time the use of a light-a...

    Authors: Parjam S Zolfaghari, Samantha Packer, Mervyn Singer, Sean P Nair, Jon Bennett, Cale Street and Michael Wilson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:27
  24. Dispersal from Candida albicans biofilms that colonize catheters is implicated as a primary factor in the link between contaminated catheters and life threatening blood stream infections (BSI). Appropriate in vit...

    Authors: Adnane Sellam, Thamir Al-Niemi, Kathleen McInnerney, Susan Brumfield, Andre Nantel and Peter A Suci
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:25
  25. Cronobacter is a recently proposed genus consisting of six genomospecies that encompass the organisms previously identified as Enterobacter sakazakii. Cronobacter are opportunistic pathogens and are known to caus...

    Authors: Walid M El-Sharoud, Stephen O'Brien, Carmen Negredo, Carol Iversen, Séamus Fanning and Brendan Healy
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:24
  26. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial infection and may lead to septicemia and death. We evaluated the immunogenicity of semi-purified exotoxin A from the bacterium in a mouse burn model.

    Authors: Ali Manafi, Jamshid Kohanteb, Davood Mehrabani, Aziz Japoni, Masoud Amini, Mohsen Naghmachi, Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Zaghi and Nazanin Khalili
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:23
  27. The natural habitat of Staphylococcus aureus is the moist squamous epithelium in the anterior nares. About 20% of the human population carry S. aureus permanently in their noses and another 60% of individuals are...

    Authors: Rebecca M Corrigan, Helen Miajlovic and Timothy J Foster
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:22
  28. Laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile, sea gull-shaped rod associated with freshwater fish borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. A highly reprodu...

    Authors: Patrick CY Woo, Jade LL Teng, Alan KL Tsang, Herman Tse, Vivien YM Tsang, King-Man Chan, Edwin KY Lee, Jim KH Chan, Shirley SL Ma, Dorothy MW Tam, Liliane MW Chung, Susanna KP Lau and Kwok-Yung Yuen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:21
  29. Enterococcus faecium has globally emerged as a cause of hospital-acquired infections with high colonization rates in hospitalized patients. The enterococcal surface protein Esp, identified as a potential virulenc...

    Authors: Esther Heikens, Masja Leendertse, Lucas M Wijnands, Miranda van Luit-Asbroek, Marc JM Bonten, Tom van der Poll and Rob JL Willems
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:19
  30. Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival dental plaque, as part of a mature biofilm, has been strongly implicated in the onset and progression of chronic periodontitis. In this study using DNA microarray we compar...

    Authors: Alvin W Lo, Christine A Seers, John D Boyce, Stuart G Dashper, Nada Slakeski, J Patricia Lissel and Eric C Reynolds
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:18
  31. Soil bacteria collectively known as Rhizobium, characterized by their ability to establish beneficial symbiosis with legumes, share several common characteristics with pathogenic bacteria when infecting the host ...

    Authors: Pieter van Dillewijn, Juan Sanjuán, José Olivares and María José Soto
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:17
  32. The Euglenozoa is a large group of eukaryotic flagellates with diverse modes of nutrition. The group consists of three main subclades – euglenids, kinetoplastids and diplonemids – that have been confirmed with...

    Authors: Naoji Yubuki, Virginia P Edgcomb, Joan M Bernhard and Brian S Leander
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:16
  33. C-1027, produced by Streptomyces globisporus C-1027, is one of the most potent antitumoral agents. The biosynthetic gene cluster of C-1027, previously cloned and sequenced, contains at least three putative regula...

    Authors: Lifei Wang, Yunfeng Hu, Yanjuan Zhang, Songmei Wang, Zhihui Cui, Yi Bao, Wei Jiang and Bin Hong
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:14
  34. The antibacterial activity of bacteriophages has been described rather well. However, knowledge about the direct interactions of bacteriophages with mammalian organisms and their other, i.e. non-antibacterial,...

    Authors: Krystyna Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Skaradziński, Paulina Jończyk, Aneta Kurzępa, Joanna Wietrzyk, Barbara Owczarek, Maciej Żaczek, Kinga Świtała-Jeleń, Janusz Boratyński, Gryzelda Poźniak, Magdalena Maciejewska and Andrzej Górski
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:13
  35. Citrus canker is a disease caused by the phytopathogens Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolli and Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis. The first of the three species, which ...

    Authors: Marcelo L Laia, Leandro M Moreira, Juliana Dezajacomo, Joice B Brigati, Cristiano B Ferreira, Maria IT Ferro, Ana CR Silva, Jesus A Ferro and Julio CF Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:12
  36. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), a gram-negative, black-pigmented anaerobic rod, has been implicated in the development of chronic oral infection. P. intermedia strain 17 was isolated from a chronic periodo...

    Authors: Takeshi Yamanaka, Tomoyo Furukawa, Chiho Matsumoto-Mashimo, Kazuyoshi Yamane, Chieko Sugimori, Takayuki Nambu, Naoki Mori, Hiroyuki Nishikawa, Clay B Walker, Kai-Poon Leung and Hisanori Fukushima
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:11
  37. Rifampin is a first line antituberculosis drug active against bacilli in logarithmic and stationary phase, which interferes with RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial RNA polymerase. Tubercle bacilli achieve r...

    Authors: Anna Zaczek, Anna Brzostek, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopec, Zofia Zwolska and Jaroslaw Dziadek
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:10
  38. Single genome-wide screens for the effect of altered gene dosage on drug sensitivity in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide only a partial picture of the mechanism of action of a drug.

    Authors: Danielle Kemmer, Lianne M McHardy, Shawn Hoon, Delphine Rebérioux, Guri Giaever, Corey Nislow, Calvin D Roskelley and Michel Roberge
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:9
  39. Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 is a plant-associated bacterium that inhabits the rhizosphere of a wide variety of plant species and and produces secondary metabolites suppressive of fungal and oomycete plant pathog...

    Authors: Dmitri V Mavrodi, Joyce E Loper, Ian T Paulsen and Linda S Thomashow
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:8
  40. Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease, is exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species inside its exclusive human host. The DNA glycosylase Fpg of the base excision repair path...

    Authors: Katrina L Tibballs, Ole Herman Ambur, Kristian Alfsnes, Håvard Homberset, Stephan A Frye, Tonje Davidsen and Tone Tønjum
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:7
  41. Genotyping of epidemic Clostridium difficile strains is necessary to track their emergence and spread. Portability of genotyping data is desirable to facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons and epidemiological st...

    Authors: N Henning Zaiß, Maja Rupnik, Ed J Kuijper, Celine Harmanus, Dolf Michielsen, Koen Janssens and Ulrich Nübel
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:6
  42. The phylum Verrucomicrobia is a divergent phylum within domain Bacteria including members of the microbial communities of soil and fresh and marine waters; recently extremely acidophilic members from hot springs ...

    Authors: Kuo-Chang Lee, Richard I Webb, Peter H Janssen, Parveen Sangwan, Tony Romeo, James T Staley and John A Fuerst
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:5
  43. Arsenic is known as a toxic metalloid, which primarily exists in inorganic form [As(III) and As(V)] and can be transformed by microbial redox processes in the natural environment. As(III) is much more toxic an...

    Authors: Lin Cai, Guanghui Liu, Christopher Rensing and Gejiao Wang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:4
  44. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Typhimurium) is an important pathogen that infects a broad range of hosts. In humans, Typhimurium causes a gastroenteritis characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and abdomin...

    Authors: Yakhya Dieye, Keith Ameiss, Melha Mellata and Roy Curtiss III
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:3

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