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  1. The recent increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics has promoted the exploration of novel antibacterial materials. As a result, many researchers are undertaking work to identify new lantibiotics because...

    Authors: Yi Teng, Wenpeng Zhao, Chaodong Qian, Ou Li, Liang Zhu and Xuechang Wu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:45

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Microbiology 2012 12:242

  2. The maintenance of Borrelia burgdorferi in its complex tick-mammalian enzootic life cycle is dependent on the organism's adaptation to its diverse niches. To this end, the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway in B. burgd...

    Authors: Zhiming Ouyang, Sukanya Narasimhan, Girish Neelakanta, Manish Kumar, Utpal Pal, Erol Fikrig and Michael V Norgard
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:44
  3. The genus Xanthomonas comprises several plant pathogenic bacteria affecting a wide range of hosts. Despite the economic, industrial and biological importance of Xanthomonas, the classification and phylogenetic re...

    Authors: Luis M Rodriguez-R, Alejandro Grajales, Mario L Arrieta-Ortiz, Camilo Salazar, Silvia Restrepo and Adriana Bernal
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:43
  4. Shigatoxigenic E. coli are a global and emerging health concern. Shiga toxin, Stx, is encoded on the genome of temperate, lambdoid Stx phages. Genes essential for phage maintenance and replication are encoded on ...

    Authors: Laura M Riley, Marta Veses-Garcia, Jeffrey D Hillman, Martin Handfield, Alan J McCarthy and Heather E Allison
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:42
  5. Bacterial drug resistance is one of the most significant challenges to human health today. In particular, effective antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are urgently nee...

    Authors: Aradhana A Vipra, Srividya Narayanamurthy Desai, Panchali Roy, Raghu Patil, Juliet Mohan Raj, Nagalakshmi Narasimhaswamy, Vivek Daniel Paul, Ravisha Chikkamadaiah and Bharathi Sriram
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:41
  6. Bacteria excrete costly toxins to defend their ecological niche. The evolution of such antagonistic interactions between individuals is expected to depend on both the social environment and the strength of res...

    Authors: Sijmen E Schoustra, Jonathan Dench, Rola Dali, Shawn D Aaron and Rees Kassen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:40
  7. Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases in the world. The disease is associated with the presence of a fastidious, phloem-limited α- proteobacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'...

    Authors: Md-Sajedul Islam, Jonathan M Glynn, Yang Bai, Yong-Ping Duan, Helvecio D Coletta-Filho, Gopal Kuruba, Edwin L Civerolo and Hong Lin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:39
  8. H. pylori infection may trigger Smad7 and NFκB expression in the stomach, whereas probiotics promote gastrointestinal health and improve intestinal inflammation caused by pathogens. This study examines if probiot...

    Authors: Yao-Jong Yang, Ching-Chun Chuang, Hsiao-Bai Yang, Cheng-Chan Lu and Bor-Shyang Sheu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:38
  9. The transfer of R plasmids between bacteria has been well studied under laboratory conditions and the transfer frequency has been found to vary between plasmids and under various physical conditions. For the f...

    Authors: Leon Cantas, Paul J Midtlyng and Henning Sørum
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:37
  10. Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever. The clinical diagnosis of Q fever is mainly based on several serological tests. These tests all need Coxiella organisms which are difficult and hazardous to ...

    Authors: Xiaolu Xiong, Xile Wang, Bohai Wen, Stephen Graves and John Stenos
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:35
  11. The genome of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 harbours three neighbouring open reading frames showing protein sequence similarities to the proteins encoded from the Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 gerA operon...

    Authors: Irene S Løvdal, Cecilie From, Elisabeth H Madslien, Kristin Cecilia S Romundset, Elin Klufterud, Jan Thomas Rosnes and Per Einar Granum
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:34
  12. Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that causes emetic or diarrheal types of food poisoning. The incidence of B. cereus food poisoning has been gradually increasing over the past few years, therefore, biocont...

    Authors: Bokyung Son, Jiae Yun, Jeong-A Lim, Hakdong Shin, Sunggi Heu and Sangryeol Ryu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:33
  13. The Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) causes citrus canker, one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In our previous work, a transposon mutant of Xac strain 306 with an...

    Authors: Jinyun Li and Nian Wang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:31
  14. Our ultimate goal is to detect the entire human microbiome, in health and in disease, in a single reaction tube, and employing only commercially available reagents. To that end, we adapted molecular inversion ...

    Authors: Richard W Hyman, Robert P St Onge, Hyunsung Kim, John S Tamaresis, Molly Miranda, Ana Maria Aparicio, Marilyn Fukushima, Nader Pourmand, Linda C Giudice and Ronald W Davis
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:29
  15. Antimicrobial peptides are present in animals, plants and microorganisms and play a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Gomesin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide purified from haemocytes of the s...

    Authors: Diego C Rossi, Julian E Muñoz, Danielle D Carvalho, Rodrigo Belmonte, Bluma Faintuch, Primavera Borelli, Antonio Miranda, Carlos P Taborda and Sirlei Daffre
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:28
  16. para-Nitrophenol (PNP), a priority environmental pollutant, is hazardous to humans and animals. However, the information relating to the PNP degradation pathways and their enzymes remain limited.

    Authors: Shuangyu Zhang, Wen Sun, Li Xu, Xiaomei Zheng, Xiaoyu Chu, Jian Tian, Ningfeng Wu and Yunliu Fan
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:27
  17. The high demand for ethanol in the U.S. has generated large stocks of wet distillers grains (DG), a byproduct from the manufacture of ethanol from corn and sorghum grains. Little is known, however, about the p...

    Authors: William C Rice, Michael L Galyean, Stephen B Cox, Scot E Dowd and N Andy Cole
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:25
  18. Pseudofactin II is a recently identified biosurfactant secreted by Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5, the strain obtained from freshwater from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard. Pseudofactin II is a novel compound ide...

    Authors: Tomasz Janek, Marcin Łukaszewicz and Anna Krasowska
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:24
  19. The tyramine producer Enterococcus durans IPLA655 contains all the necessary genes for tyramine biosynthesis, grouped in the TDC cluster. This cluster includes tyrS, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase like gene.

    Authors: Daniel M Linares, Maria Fernández, Beatriz Del-Río, Victor Ladero, Maria Cruz Martin and Miguel A Alvarez
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:23
  20. The experimental murine model of leishmaniasis has been widely used to characterize the immune response against Leishmania. CBA mice develop severe lesions, while C57BL/6 present small chronic lesions under L. am...

    Authors: Christian M Probst, Rodrigo A Silva, Juliana P B Menezes, Tais F Almeida, Ivana N Gomes, Andréia C Dallabona, Luiz S Ozaki, Gregory A Buck, Daniela P Pavoni, Marco A Krieger and Patrícia S T Veras
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:22
  21. The genome of the Gram-positive, metal-reducing, dehalorespiring Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2 was sequenced in order to gain insights into its metabolic capacities, adaptive physiology, and regulatory machi...

    Authors: Sang-Hoon Kim, Christina Harzman, John K Davis, Rachel Hutcheson, Joan B Broderick, Terence L Marsh and James M Tiedje
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:21
  22. Porcine tonsils are the colonization site for many pathogenic as well as commensal microorganisms and are the primary lymphoid tissue encountered by organisms entering through the mouth or nares. The goal of t...

    Authors: Beth A Lowe, Terence L Marsh, Natasha Isaacs-Cosgrove, Roy N Kirkwood, Matti Kiupel and Martha H Mulks
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:20
  23. Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 is known for its chemotaxis towards nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) that are either utilized as sole sources of carbon and energy or co-metabolized in the presence of alternative carbo...

    Authors: Janmejay Pandey, Narinder K Sharma, Fazlurrahman Khan, Anuradha Ghosh, John G Oakeshott, Rakesh K Jain and Gunjan Pandey
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:19
  24. Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease of citrus production worldwide. 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', an unculturable alpha proteobacterium, is a putative pathogen of HLB. Information about the...

    Authors: Xuefeng Wang, Changyong Zhou, Xiaoling Deng, Huanan Su and Jianchi Chen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:18
  25. The production of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus is tightly controlled by a complex web of interacting regulators. EsxA is one of the virulence factors that are excreted by the specialized, type VII-l...

    Authors: Bettina Schulthess, Dominik A Bloes and Brigitte Berger-Bächi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:17
  26. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While most CF patients are thought to acquire P. aeruginosa from the e...

    Authors: Nathan J Hare, Nestor Solis, Christopher Harmer, N Bishara Marzook, Barbara Rose, Colin Harbour, Ben Crossett, Jim Manos and Stuart J Cordwell
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:16
  27. Epithelial cells of the urinary tract recognize pathogenic bacteria through pattern recognition receptors on their surface, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and mount an immune response through the activati...

    Authors: Mattias Karlsson, Nikolai Scherbak, Gregor Reid and Jana Jass
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:15
  28. Capsular serotypes K1 and K2 of Klebsiella pneumoniae are thought to the major virulence determinants responsible for liver abscess. The intestine is one of the major reservoirs of K. pneumoniae, and epidemiologi...

    Authors: Yi-Tsung Lin, L Kristopher Siu, Jung-Chung Lin, Te-Li Chen, Chih-Peng Tseng, Kuo-Ming Yeh, Feng-Yee Chang and Chang-Phone Fung
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:13
  29. Wolbachia are bacterial endosymbionts of many arthropod species in which they manipulate reproductive functions. The distribution of these bacteria in the Drosophila ovarian cells at different stages of oogenesis...

    Authors: Mariya V Zhukova and Elena Kiseleva
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S15

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  30. Insects thriving on nutritionally poor habitats have integrated mutualistic intracellular symbiotic bacteria (endosymbionts) in a bacteria-bearing tissue (the bacteriome) that isolates the endosymbionts and pr...

    Authors: Aurélien Vigneron, Delphine Charif, Carole Vincent-Monégat, Agnès Vallier, Frédérick Gavory, Patrick Wincker and Abdelaziz Heddi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S14

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  31. Wolbachia and Cardinium are endosymbiotic bacteria infecting many arthropods and manipulating host reproduction. Although these bacteria are maternally transmitted, incongruencies between phylogenies of host and ...

    Authors: Vera I D Ros, Vicki M Fleming, Edward J Feil and Johannes A J Breeuwer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S13

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  32. Strains of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis are extremely diverse both genotypically and in terms of their induced phenotypes in invertebrate hosts. Despite extensive molecular characterisation of

    Authors: Markus Riegler, Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Megan Woolfit, Wolfgang J Miller and Scott L O’Neill
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S12

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  33. Rates of resistance to macrolide antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae are rising around the world due to the spread of mobile genetic elements harboring mef(E) and erm(B) genes and post-vaccine clonal expansio...

    Authors: Jolene R Bowers, Elizabeth M Driebe, Jennifer L Nibecker, Bette R Wojack, Derek S Sarovich, Ada H Wong, Pius M Brzoska, Nathaniel Hubert, Andrew Knadler, Lindsey M Watson, David M Wagner, Manohar R Furtado, Michael Saubolle, David M Engelthaler and Paul S Keim
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:12
  34. There has been a rising incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in critically ill patients, even in the absence of an apparent predisposing immunodeficiency. The diagnosis of IA is difficult because clinical ...

    Authors: Li-ning Shi, Fang-qiu Li, Mei Huang, Jing-fen Lu, Xiao-xiang Kong, Shi-qin Wang and Hai-feng Shao
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12:11
  35. Wolbachiaendosymbiotic bacteria are capable of inducing chronic upregulation of insect immune genes in some situations and this phenotype may influence the transmission of important insect-borne pathogens. Howeve...

    Authors: Sofia B Pinto, Mara Mariconti, Chiara Bazzocchi, Claudio Bandi and Steven P Sinkins
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S11

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  36. Maternally inherited bacterial symbionts infecting arthropods have major implications on host ecology and evolution. Among them, the genus Arsenophonus is particularly characterized by a large host spectrum and a...

    Authors: Laurence Mouton, Magali Thierry, Hélène Henri, Rémy Baudin, Olivier Gnankine, Bernard Reynaud, Einat Zchori-Fein, Nathalie Becker, Frédéric Fleury and Hélène Delatte
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  37. The predatory mirids of the genus Macrolophus are key natural enemies of various economically important agricultural pests. Both M. caliginosus and M. pygmaeus are commercially available for the augmentative biol...

    Authors: Thijs Machtelinckx, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Tom Van De Wiele, Nico Boon, Winnok H De Vos, Juan-Antonio Sanchez, Mauro Nannini, Godelieve Gheysen and Patrick De Clercq
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  38. Insect symbionts employ multiple strategies to enhance their spread through populations, and some play a dual role as both a mutualist and a reproductive manipulator. It has recently been found that this is th...

    Authors: Ben Longdon, Daniel K Fabian, Gregory DD Hurst and Francis M Jiggins
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  39. Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to be facultative reproductive parasites of numerous arthropod hosts. Apart from these reproductive manipulations, recent findings indicate that Wolbachia may also modif...

    Authors: Natacha Kremer, Delphine Charif, Hélène Henri, Frédérick Gavory, Patrick Wincker, Patrick Mavingui and Fabrice Vavre
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  40. Weevils of the genus Otiorhynchus are regarded as devastating pests in a wide variety of horticultural crops worldwide. So far, little is known on the presence of endosymbionts in Otiorhynchus spp.. Investigation...

    Authors: Jacqueline Hirsch, Stephan Strohmeier, Martin Pfannkuchen and Annette Reineke
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  41. Cockroaches are terrestrial insects that strikingly eliminate waste nitrogen as ammonia instead of uric acid. Blattabacterium cuenoti (Mercier 1906) strains Bge and Pam are the obligate primary endosymbionts of t...

    Authors: Carmen Maria González-Domenech, Eugeni Belda, Rafael Patiño-Navarrete, Andrés Moya, Juli Peretó and Amparo Latorre
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  42. Bacteria of the genus Asaia have been recently recognized as secondary symbionts of different sugar-feeding insects, including the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Asaia h...

    Authors: Elena Gonella, Elena Crotti, Aurora Rizzi, Mauro Mandrioli, Guido Favia, Daniele Daffonchio and Alberto Alma
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  43. Wolbachia is a genus of endosymbiotic α-Proteobacteria infecting a wide range of arthropods and filarial nematodes. Wolbachia is able to induce reproductive abnormalities such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI),...

    Authors: Vangelis Doudoumis, George Tsiamis, Florence Wamwiri, Corey Brelsfoard, Uzma Alam, Emre Aksoy, Stelios Dalaperas, Adly Abd-Alla, Johnson Ouma, Peter Takac, Serap Aksoy and Kostas Bourtzis
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  44. In recent years, acetic acid bacteria have been shown to be frequently associated with insects, but knowledge on their biological role in the arthropod host is limited. The discovery that acetic acid bacteria ...

    Authors: Bessem Chouaia, Paolo Rossi, Sara Epis, Michela Mosca, Irene Ricci, Claudia Damiani, Ulisse Ulissi, Elena Crotti, Daniele Daffonchio, Claudio Bandi and Guido Favia
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

  45. Wolbachia are vertically transmitted bacteria known to be the most widespread endosymbiont in arthropods. They induce various alterations of the reproduction of their host, including feminization of genetic males...

    Authors: Frédéric Chevalier, Juline Herbinière-Gaboreau, Delphine Charif, Guillaume Mitta, Frédéric Gavory, Patrick Wincker, Pierre Grève, Christine Braquart-Varnier and Didier Bouchon
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2012 12(Suppl 1):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 12 Supplement 1

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