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  1. Escherichia coli O157 is an important cause of acute diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and, especially in children, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Incidence rates for human E. coli O157 infection in Scotland ar...

    Authors: Michael C Pearce, Margo E Chase-Topping, Iain J McKendrick, Dominic J Mellor, Mary E Locking, Lesley Allison, Helen E Ternent, Louise Matthews, Hazel I Knight, Alastair W Smith, Barti A Synge, William Reilly, J Christopher Low, Stuart WJ Reid, George J Gunn and Mark EJ Woolhouse
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Over the last decade, cholera outbreaks in parts of Kenya have become common. Although a number of recent studies describe the epidemiology of cholera in Kenya, there is paucity of information concerning the d...

    Authors: John N Kiiru, Suleiman M Saidi, Bruno M Goddeeris, Njeri C Wamae, Patrick Butaye and Samuel M Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Bordetella pertussis is a causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough in humans. Pertactin (Prn), fimbriae 2 (Fim2) and fimbriae 3 (Fim3) of B. pertussis are important virulence factors and immunogens which ha...

    Authors: Yinghua Xu, Yaying Wang, Yajun Tan, Huajie Zhang, Lijie Wu, Lichan Wang, Qiming Hou and Shumin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This is a pulmonary mycosis acquired by inhalation of fungal airborne propagules that can disseminate to several o...

    Authors: Benedito Rodrigues da Silva Neto, Julhiany de Fátima da Silva, Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini, Henrique Leonel Lenzi, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares and Maristela Pereira
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important nosocomial pathogen. Multidrug resistance, as well as ability to withstand environmental stresses, makes eradication of A. baumannii difficult, particularly fro...

    Authors: Elisabetta Nucleo, Laura Steffanoni, Giulia Fugazza, Roberta Migliavacca, Ernesto Giacobone, Antonella Navarra, Laura Pagani and Paolo Landini
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The roles of diffusely-adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in disease are not well understood, in part because of the limitations of diagnostic tests for each of these categories...

    Authors: Anna M Snelling, Louissa R Macfarlane-Smith, Jonathan N Fletcher and Iruka N Okeke
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:269
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  8. Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 ...

    Authors: Ivan Rychlik, Daniela Karasova, Alena Sebkova, Jiri Volf, Frantisek Sisak, Hana Havlickova, Vladimir Kummer, Ariel Imre, Annamaria Szmolka and Bela Nagy
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Ochrobactrum anthropi is a versatile bacterial species with strains living in very diverse habitats. It is increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized patients. The population biology of the...

    Authors: Sara Romano, Fabien Aujoulat, Estelle Jumas-Bilak, Agnès Masnou, Jean-Luc Jeannot, Enevold Falsen, Hélène Marchandin and Corinne Teyssier
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The Roseobacter clade represents one of the most abundant, metabolically versatile and ecologically important bacterial groups found in marine habitats. A detailed molecular investigation of the regulatory and me...

    Authors: Tanja Piekarski, Ina Buchholz, Thomas Drepper, Max Schobert, Irene Wagner-Doebler, Petra Tielen and Dieter Jahn
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:265
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  12. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is the main cause of human salmonellosis. In order to study the prevalent serogroups and serovars of clinical isolates in Taiwan, 8931 Salmonellae isolates were collected from 19 medical c...

    Authors: Chien-Shun Chiou, Jui-Ming Lin, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chi-Hong Chu, Shu-Wun Chen, Yung-Fu Chang, Bor-Chun Weng, Jwu-Guh Tsay, Chyi-Liang Chen, Chien-Hsing Liu and Chishih Chu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Rhamnolipids are surface active molecules composed of rhamnose and β-hydroxydecanoic acid. These biosurfactants are produced mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and have been thoroughly investigated since their earl...

    Authors: Danielle Dubeau, Eric Déziel, Donald E Woods and François Lépine
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Yersinia enterocolitica, an important food- and water-borne enteric pathogen is represented by six biovars viz. 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Despite the lack of recognized virulence determinants, some biovar 1A strains...

    Authors: Neeru Bhagat and Jugsharan S Virdi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacterium and often causes nosocomial infections. There have been few studies of the virulence factors of this bacterium. The only S. marcescens hemolytic and cytotoxic fact...

    Authors: Ken Shimuta, Makoto Ohnishi, Sunao Iyoda, Naomasa Gotoh, Nobuo Koizumi and Haruo Watanabe
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Dengue (DEN) is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity in the world including Mexico, where the infection is endemic. One of the states with the highest rate of dengue cases is Oaxaca. The cause of DEN is ...

    Authors: Gerardo Perez-Ramirez, Alvaro Diaz-Badillo, Minerva Camacho-Nuez, Alejandro Cisneros and Maria de Lourdes Munoz
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Most studies examining the commensal human oral microbiome are focused on disease or are limited in methodology. In order to diagnose and treat diseases at an early and reversible stage an in-depth definition ...

    Authors: Egija Zaura, Bart JF Keijser, Susan M Huse and Wim Crielaard
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Helicobacter pylori specifically takes up cholesterol and incorporates it into the bacterial membrane, yet little is currently known about cholesterol's physiological roles. We compared phenotypes and in vivo col...

    Authors: Ellen Hildebrandt and David J McGee
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is a Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes "halo blight" disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This disease affects both foliage and pods, and is a major p...

    Authors: Alejandro Hernández-Morales, Susana De la Torre-Zavala, Enrique Ibarra-Laclette, José Luis Hernández-Flores, Alba Estela Jofre-Garfias, Agustino Martínez-Antonio and Ariel Álvarez-Morales
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Identification and characterization of intervening sequences (IVSs) within 23S rRNA genes from Campylobacter organisms including atypical campylobacters were carried out using two PCR primer pairs, designed to ge...

    Authors: Akihiro Tazumi, Yuki Kakinuma, Naoaki Misawa, John E Moore, Beverley C Millar and Motoo Matsuda
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus found in the environment, on foods and feeds and is used as host for production of organic acids, enzymes and proteins. The mycotoxin fumonisin B2 was recently found to b...

    Authors: Louise M Sørensen, Rene Lametsch, Mikael R Andersen, Per V Nielsen and Jens C Frisvad
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Mycobacteria have been shown to contain an apparent redundancy of high-affinity phosphate uptake systems, with two to four copies of such systems encoded in all mycobacterial genomes sequenced to date. In addi...

    Authors: Susanne Gebhard, Nandula Ekanayaka and Gregory M Cook
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Pathogenic Leptospira species cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of global importance. The spirochete displays active rotative mobility which may contribute to invasion and diffusion of the pathogen in hosts...

    Authors: Sumei Liao, Aihua Sun, David M Ojcius, Senlin Wu, Jinfang Zhao and Jie Yan
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Homologous recombination mediated by the λ-Red genes is a common method for making chromosomal modifications in Escherichia coli. Several protocols have been developed that differ in the mechanisms by which DNA, ...

    Authors: David J Lee, Lewis EH Bingle, Karin Heurlier, Mark J Pallen, Charles W Penn, Stephen JW Busby and Jon L Hobman
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:252
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  25. The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are important components of the healthy gut flora and have been used extensively as probiotics. Understanding the cultivable diversity of LAB before and after probiotic administr...

    Authors: Eshwar Mahenthiralingam, Angela Marchbank, Pavel Drevinek, Iveta Garaiova and Sue Plummer
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The bacteriology during storage of the North-Atlantic cod has been investigated for the past decades using conventional cultivation strategies which have generated large amount of information. This paper prese...

    Authors: Eyjólfur Reynisson, Hélène L Lauzon, Hannes Magnússon, Rósa Jónsdóttir, Guðrún Ólafsdóttir, Viggó Marteinsson and Guðmundur Óli Hreggviðsson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Porcine rotavirus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the swine industry necessitating the development of effective vaccines for the prevention of infection. Immune responses associa...

    Authors: Xinyuan Qiao, Guiwei Li, Xiangqing Wang, Xiaojing Li, Min Liu and Yijing Li
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The homB gene is a Helicobacter pylori disease-marker candidate, strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease, while homA, its paralogue gene with 90% sequence identity, is correlated with non-ulcer dyspepsia. T...

    Authors: Mónica Oleastro, Rita Cordeiro, Armelle Ménard, Yoshio Yamaoka, Dulciene Queiroz, Francis Mégraud and Lurdes Monteiro
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula is a prolific producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although biosynthetic gene clusters encoding several of these compounds have been identified, little is known...

    Authors: Adam C Jones, Lena Gerwick, David Gonzalez, Pieter C Dorrestein and William H Gerwick
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesviruses whose native host is pig. PRV infection mainly causes signs of central nervous system disorder in young pigs, and respiratory system diseases in the adult.

    Authors: JF Yuan, SJ Zhang, O Jafer, RA Furlong, OE Chausiaux, CA Sargent, GH Zhang and NA Affara
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients believed to beneficially affect host health by selectively stimulating the growth of the beneficial bacteria residing in the gut. Such beneficial bacteria have be...

    Authors: Anne Petersen, Peter MH Heegaard, Anna L Pedersen, Jens B Andersen, Rikke B Sørensen, Hanne Frøkiær, Sampo J Lahtinen, Arthur C Ouwehand, Morten Poulsen and Tine R Licht
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major pathogen involved in the decline of lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Early aggressive antibiotic therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing chronic col...

    Authors: Pieter Deschaght, Thierry De Baere, Leen Van Simaey, Sabine Van daele, Frans De Baets, Daniel De Vos, Jean-Paul Pirnay and Mario Vaneechoutte
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:244
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  33. Wolbachia (wBm) is an obligate endosymbiotic bacterium of Brugia malayi, a parasitic filarial nematode of humans and one of the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis. There is a pressing need for new drugs aga...

    Authors: Alexander G Holman, Paul J Davis, Jeremy M Foster, Clotilde KS Carlow and Sanjay Kumar
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In forest ecosystems, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) are influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. To understand their underlying dynamics, ECM communities have been surveyed with ribosomal...

    Authors: Marlis Reich, Annegret Kohler, Francis Martin and Marc Buée
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:241
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  36. Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has been frequently isolated from endotracheal and lung puncture aspirates in malnourished children with pneumonia. In this work we evaluated the susceptibility ...

    Authors: Thais Graziela Donegá França, Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci, Clara Pires Fujiara Guerino, Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha and Alexandrina Sartori
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Organisms that are sensitive to nitrofurantoin express a nitroreductase. Since bacterial resistance to this compound results primarily from mutations in the gene encoding nitroreductase, the resulting loss of ...

    Authors: Daniel C Stein, Esteban Carrizosa and Stephen Dunham
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has caused major epidemics of gastrointestinal infection in many different countries. In this study we investigate genome divergence and pathogenic potenti...

    Authors: Laura Betancor, Lucia Yim, Maria Fookes, Araci Martinez, Nicholas R Thomson, Alasdair Ivens, Sarah Peters, Clare Bryant, Gabriela Algorta, Samuel Kariuki, Felipe Schelotto, Duncan Maskell, Gordon Dougan and Jose A Chabalgoity
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The dimorphic fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum causes respiratory and systemic disease in humans and other mammals. Progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the biology and the pathogenesis of Hi...

    Authors: Brian H Youseff, Julie A Dougherty and Chad A Rappleye
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:236
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  41. Authors: Denise Yamamoto, Rodrigo T Hernandes, Miguel Blanco, Lilo Greune, M Alexander Schmidt, Sylvia M Carneiro, Ghizlane Dahbi, Jesús E Blanco, Azucena Mora, Jorge Blanco and Tânia AT Gomes
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:235
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Microbiology 2009 9:146

  42. Rapid, easy, economical and accurate species identification of yeasts isolated from clinical samples remains an important challenge for routine microbiological laboratories, because susceptibility to antifunga...

    Authors: Jitka Trtkova, Petr Pavlicek, Lenka Ruskova, Petr Hamal, Dagmar Koukalova and Vladislav Raclavsky
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:234
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  44. Streptococci are divided into six phylogenetic groups, i.e, anginosus, bovis, mitis, mutans, pyogenic, and salivarius, with the salivarius group consisting of only three distinct species. Two of these species, St...

    Authors: Jean-François Pombert, Viridiana Sistek, Maurice Boissinot and Michel Frenette
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. A Brucella eradication program has been executed in Korea. To effectively prevent and control brucellosis, a molecular method for genetic identification and epidemiological trace-back must be established. As p...

    Authors: Moon Her, Sung-Il Kang, Dong-Hee Cho, Yun-Sang Cho, In-Yeong Hwang, Young-Ran Heo, Suk-Chan Jung and Han-Sang Yoo
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Since bacteria embedded in biofilms are far more difficult to eradicate than planktonic infections, it would be useful to know whether certain Staphylococcus aureus lineages are especially involved in strong biof...

    Authors: Sander Croes, Ruud H Deurenberg, Marie-Louise L Boumans, Patrick S Beisser, Cees Neef and Ellen E Stobberingh
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The association of specific bioactive flavonoids and terpenoids with fluoride can modulate the development of cariogenic biofilms by simultaneously affecting the synthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and acid ...

    Authors: Jae-Gyu Jeon, Marlise I Klein, Jin Xiao, Stacy Gregoire, Pedro L Rosalen and Hyun Koo
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Enterocin AS-48 is produced by Enterococcus faecalis S48 to compete with other bacteria in their environment. Due to its activity against various Gram positive and some Gram negative bacteria it has clear potenti...

    Authors: María J Grande Burgos, Ákos T Kovács, Aleksandra M Mirończuk, Hikmate Abriouel, Antonio Gálvez and Oscar P Kuipers
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Approximately 1 out of every 100 individuals has some form of venous insufficiency, which can lead to chronic venous disease and Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU). There are known underlying pathologies which contribute ...

    Authors: Randall D Wolcott, Viktoria Gontcharova, Yan Sun and Scot E Dowd
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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