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Table 1 Quantification of P. larvae DNA in larval groups that received different strains of LAB

From: Probiotic candidates for controlling Paenibacillus larvae, a causative agent of American foulbrood disease in honey bee

Group

Only P. larvae

Mixture of LAB +

P. larvae

L. kullabergensis + P. larvae

L. apis + P. larvae

L. panisapium + P. larvae

L. mellis + P. larvae

L. melliventris + P. larvae

L. kimbladii + P. larvae

No P. larvae, no LAB

Ct value

18.46

22.49

20.01

20.34

21.72

19.74

19.4

18.74

Negative

P. larvae DNA copy

1.32 × 107

8.37 × 105

4.56 × 106

3.64 × 106

1.42 × 106

5.49 × 106

6.93 × 106

1.09 × 107

0