Fig. 4

S. epidermidisreduces IL-33 production via suppression of RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis and is independent of apoptosis in allergic nasal epithelium. ARNE cells from four AR subjects were inoculated with human nasal commensal, S. epidermidis at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.25. The mRNA expression of IL-33 (A) was measured by real-time PCR, IL-33 protein concentration (B) secreted from ARNE cells was measured by ELISA using supernatants, and intracellular IL-33 protein expression (C) was also measured. after treatment of necroptosis inhibitors. Key molecules of necroptosis including RIPK3 (cropped blot) and MLKL and apoptosis including caspase3 were monitored by Western blot analysis (D). The mRNA expression of RIPK3 (E), and MLKL (F), and caspase3 (G) was measured by real-time PCR. Results are presented as mean ± SD values from four independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. mock-infected ARNE cells