Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reference | Country | KS(n) | HA(n) | Microbiota analysis technique | Diversity metrics | Differentially distributed species | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-diversity | β-diversity | Higher abundance in KS group | Higher abundance in control group | |||||
Tang et al. 2018 [27] | China | 13 | 13 | 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V4 region) Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform | Not significantly different (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Good’s coverage indices, P > 0.05); | Distinct but not significantly different (NMDS, p = 0.096 with ANOSIM and p = 0.058 with MPRR based on the Bray–Curtis distance metric) | Alloprevotella, Erysipelatoclostridium, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, Acinetobacter, Escherichia–Shigella, Sutterella | Eubacterium_hallii_group, Dorea, Ruminiclostridium_5, Anaerostipes, Fusicatenibacter, Subdoligranulum, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Holdemania, Dialister, Ruminococcus_1, Parasutterella Biliphil |
Stern et al. 2016 [28] | USA | 23 | 6 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) Illumina MiSeq | Not reported | Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Alistipes | Varibaculum, Prevotella, Finegoldia, Peptoniphilus | |
Zhao et al. 2021 [29] | China | 91 | 75 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) Illumina MiSeq | Not reported | Bacteroides, Prevotella | Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Bifidobacterium | |
Ticinesi et al. 2018 [30] | Italy | 52 | 48 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3 region) Illumina MiSeq; Shotgun metagenomics on sub-sample Illumina NextSeq | Significantly reduced (Chao1 index, P < 0.05) | Significantly different (PCOA method based on weighted unifrac and Bray–Curtis, P < 0.05) | Bacteroides, Acidaminococcus, Cellulosimicrobium | Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterorhabdus, Enterococcus, Veillonella, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Oribacterium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-003, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Rothia, Family XIII UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminiclostridium 5, |
Chen et al. 2021 [31] | China | 30 | 30 | 16S rDNA gene sequencing (V3 and V4 region) Illumina MiSeq; | Not significantly different (OTUs, Shannon and Simpson index, P > 0.05); | Significantly different (PCA, P < 0.01) | Bacteroidetes and Phascolarctobacterium | Firmicutes, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus and Verrucomicrobia |
Yuan et al. 2022 [32] | China | 69 | 84 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3 and V4 region) Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform | Shannon index was not significantly different (P > 0.05), Simpson index was significantly elevated in LNR_KS vs HNR_NS group, Ace and Chao index were significantly elevated in the HNR_KS vs NS group (P < 0.05); | Significantly different between HNR-KS and HNR-NS groups, and between HNR-KS and LNR-NS groups (P < 0.05) | Not reported | |
Suryavanshi et al. 2016 [33] | India | 24 | 25 | 16S rRNA gene (V3 region) and frc-gene amplicon sequencing; Quantitative polymerase chain reaction & PCR-DGGE Iron Torrent PGM system | Not significantly different (Chao1, observed species/OTUs, phylogenetic diversity, Shannon and Simpson’s indices, P > 0.05); | Significantly different (PCOA plots of weighted and unweighted unifrac results; statistical test and P-value not reported) | Phylum level: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, TM7; Class level: Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria and TM7-3 | Phylum level: Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria; Class level: Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria, Chloroplast, Coriobacteriia |
Xiang et al. 2022 [34] | China | 54 | 66 | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | Not reported | Flavobacterium, Rhodobacter, Gordonia | ||